1537 establishments in the Spanish Empire

Asunción (, ; ) is the capital and the largest city of Paraguay. The city lies on the eastern bank of the Paraguay River, immediately north northeast of the confluence where it is joined by the Pilcomayo River. The Paraguay River separates Asunción from the Occidental Region of Paraguay to the northwest, and from Argentina to the southwest. The eastern part of the city is surrounded by the Central Department.

Callao () is a seaside city and constitutional province in Peru. Located next to the Pacific Ocean, it forms part of the Lima metropolitan area alongside Lima province. Its autonomous status dates back to 1836, when it was declared a Littoral Province of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, after which it was declared a Constitutional Province by the government of Ramón Castilla in 1857.

Popayán () is the capital of the Colombian department of Cauca. It is located in the Pubenza Valley in southwestern Colombia between the Western Mountain Range and Central Mountain Range. The municipality has a population of 318,059, an area of 483 km2, is located 1760 meters above sea level, and has an average temperature of 18 °C.

Comayagua () is a city, municipality and old capital of Honduras, located northwest of Tegucigalpa on the highway to San Pedro Sula and above sea level.

Colombian municipality of the department of Bolívar

Simiti is a town and municipality located in the Bolívar Department, northern Colombia.

Colombian municipality of the department of Valle del Cauca

Guática is a town and municipality in the Risaralda Department of Colombia, about 93 km away from the capital Pereira. In 2023 the town had an estimated population of 12,423.

Rabinal is a small town, with a population of 15,157 (2018 census), located in the Guatemalan department of Baja Verapaz, at . It serves as the administrative seat for the surrounding municipality of the same name. The municipality covers an area of 336 km2 with a population of 40,797 (2018 census). The local people are predominantly Achi Maya Native Americans who speak the Achi Maya language.

Spanish noble rank

district in Ica, Peru

national monument of Colombia

province of Venezuela and Guyana