1938 deaths

founding father of the Republic of Turkey (c. 1881–1938)

Czech writer (1890–1938)

South Asian Islamic philosopher, poet and politician

Italian writer, poet, playwright, soldier and politician (1863-1938)

German philosopher, known as the father of phenomenology (*1859 – †1938)

Swiss physicist (1861-1938)

Russian actor and theatre director (1863–1938)

French filmmaker and illusionist (1861–1938)

Russian writer (1870–1938)

Russian revolutionary and politician (1888–1938)

German painter, sculptor, engraver and printmaker (1880–1938)

Russian poet and essayist (1891-1938)

Czech-Austrian Marxist theorist (1854–1938)

German journalist, author, pacifist and recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize (1889–1938)

Peruvian writer

nun and saint from Poland (1905–1938)

Hungarian Communist revolutionary and politician, the de facto leader of the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919, People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs

Russian opera singer and actor (1873-1938)

American writer

French tennis player

Japanese educator and judoka (1860–1938)

American blues singer and guitarist

Premier of Russia and the Soviet Union (1881-1938)

Argentine writer and poet

Norwegian diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize recipient (1869-1938)

British princess (1869-1938), Queen consort of Norway from 1905 to 1938

Soviet marshal (1889–1938)

last Queen consort of Romania (1875-1938; r. 1914-1927)

Austrian Social Democrat (1881-1938)

Serbian writer

Soviet secret police official (1891–1938)

French painter (1865—1938)

Austro-Hungarian writer (1901–1938)

American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union (1857-1938)

Russian existentialist philosopher (1866 – 1938)

German expressionist sculptor, printmaker and writer (1870–1938)

Danish scientist (1853-1938)

Russian linguist (1890-1938)

French poet (1868-1938)

Croatian writer (1874–1938)

infected houseworker in New York City

Romanian politician (1899-1938)

Soviet aviator, Hero of the Soviet Union (1904-1938)

American astronomer (1868-1938)

American astronomer (1858–1938)

Bengali novelist and short story writer (1876-1938)

German architect (1880–1938)

German Jewish mathematician (1877-1938)

American jazz cornet player and bandleader

British psychologist (1871–1938)

German film director (1873–1938)

Hungarian writer (1887–1938)

German psychologist (1871-1938)

Soviet economist (1892-1938)

Austrian philosopher, historian, journalist, actor, cabaret performer (Kabarettist) and theatre critic (1878–1938)

Russian-German-Swiss expressionist painter (1860–1938)

Marshal and former Prime Minister of Romania (1859-1938)

German ethnologist and archaeologist (1873–1938)

Prince of Liechtenstein (1853-1938)

American neoclassical economist (1847–1938)