4th-century BC monarchs in Asia

Mausolus ( or , Mauśoλ) was a ruler of Caria (377–353 BCE) and a satrap of the Achaemenid Empire. He enjoyed the status of king or dynast by virtue of the powerful position created by his father Hecatomnus ( ), who was the first satrap of Caria from the hereditary Hecatomnid dynasty. Alongside Caria, Mausolus also ruled Lycia and parts of Ionia and the Dodecanese islands. He is best known for his monumental tomb and one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the construction of which has traditionally been ascribed to his wife and sister Artemisia.

Atropates (; and Middle Persian ; ; – after 321 BC) was a Persian nobleman who served Darius III, then Alexander the Great, and eventually founded an independent kingdom and dynasty that was named after him. Diodorus (18.4) refers to him as (), while Quintus Curtius (8.3.17) erroneously names him 'Arsaces'.

4th-century BC female ruler of Caria

4th-century BC king of Cappadocia

Persian nobleman

3rd-century BC king of Cappadocia

4th-century BC ruler of Bithynia

Abdalonymus (; ) was a Phoenician botanist and gardener of royal descent, who became King of Sidon under Alexander the Great in 332 BC.

4th century BC ruler of Kartli (Iberia)

thumb|left|Persian style bull protome found in Sidon gives testimony of the Achaemenid rule and influence. Marble, 5th century BC thumb|upright=1.35|Coin of Tennes. Tennes can be seen walking behind the Achaemenid king on his carriage. Tennes (; Tabnit II in the Phoenician language) was a King of Sidon under the Achaemenid Empire, who ruled the Phoenician city-state of Sidon from (), having been associated in power by his father since the 380s. It remains uncertain whether his known heir and successor, Tennes, was his son or some other close relative. His predecessor was Abdashtart I (in Greek

4th-century BC Phoenician king of Sidon

Persian satrap

thumb|right|300px|Location of Lycia. Anatolia/[[Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period. The classical regions, including Lycia, and their main settlements]]