5th-century BC Greek historians

Herodotus (; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey), under Persian control in the 5th century BC, and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He wrote the Histories, a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars, among other subjects such as the rise of the Achaemenid dynasty of Cyrus. He has been described as "The Father of History", a title conferred on him by the ancient Roman orator Cicero.

Thucydides ( ; ; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientific history" by those who accept his claims to have applied strict standards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to his work.

Greek historian and geographer (c.550–c.476 BC)

Ctesias ( ; ; ), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire.

5th century BC Greek logographer

5th-century BC Greek historian and logographer

ancient Greek historian

ancient Greek writer, son of Pythes

ancient Greek historian

ancient Greek writer and historian

5th-century BC Greek sophist and logographer

Cleidemus (; Kleidēmos) was a Greek author, perhaps of the fifth or fourth century BCE but definitely later than the battle of Plataea in 479 BCE, who produced a lost Atthis (Ἀτθίς), a local history of Athens dealing with the traditional origins of the city's law and institutions. Johannes Meursius suggested that "Cleidemus" is actually identical with the "Cleitodemus" stated by Pausanias to be the most ancient writer on Athenian history. Athenaeus and Plutarch make references to his works, all of which are lost.

5th-century BC Greek historian

ancient Greek historian

Sophaenetus () was one of the leaders of the Ten Thousand, an army of Greek mercenaries in the service of Cyrus the Younger, in 401–400 BC. A native of Stymphalus, he was an older man when he recruited and led one thousand hoplites to join Cyrus. He led the army back to the Black Sea and from Trapezus to Cerasus by ship. At Cotyora, he was fined 10 minae for mishandling funds.