5th-century BC Greek people

Themistocles (; , Themistoklēs; ) was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower-class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he convinced the polis to increase the naval power of Athens, a recurring theme in his political career. During the first Persian invasion of Greece, he fought at the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), and may have been on

Lysias (; ; c. 445 – c. 380 BC) was an Athenian logographer and one of the ten Attic orators later canonized by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace. He wrote speeches for litigants across a wide range of public and private actions during the late fifth and early fourth centuries BC, with thirty-four transmitted in the medieval corpus and many others known by title or fragment. Ancient critics, especially Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and modern scholarship identify Lysias as an exemplar of the plain style, emphasizing idiomatic diction, character-appropriate voice, and concis

thumb|Portrait from Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum (1553) by [[Guillaume Rouillé]]

thumb|The Choice of Hercules, by Annibale Carracci, depicting the fable recounted by Prodicus Prodicus of Ceos (; , Pródikos ho Keios; c. 465 BC – c. 395 BC) was a Greek philosopher, and part of the first generation of Sophists. He came to Athens as ambassador from Ceos, and became known as a speaker and a teacher. Plato treats him with greater respect than the other sophists, and in several of the Platonic dialogues Socrates appears as the friend of Prodicus. One writer claims Socrates used his method of instruction. Prodicus made linguistics and ethics prominent in his curriculum. The conten

5th-century BCE Greek painter

Greek architect, urban planner and philosopher (498 – 408 BC)

Thrasymachus (; ; c. 459 – c. 400 BC) was a sophist of ancient Greece best known as a character in Plato's Republic.

Aristagoras of Miletus (), d. 497/496 BC, was the tyrant of the Ionian city of Miletus in the late 6th century BC and early 5th century BC. He acted as one of the instigators of the Ionian Revolt against the Persian Achaemenid Empire. He was the son-in-law of Histiaeus and was granted the tyranny of Miletus from him.

Tyrant of Syracuse from 478 to 467 BC

Polygnotus (; Polygnotos) was an ancient Greek painter active in the middle of the 5th century BC. Later scholars of Classical World considered him to be one of the first great painters, sometimes even the inventor of the artform. ==Life== He was the son and pupil of Aglaophon. He was a native of Thasos but was adopted by the Athenians and admitted to their citizenship. thumb|350px|right|Reconstruction of Nekyia by Polygnotus 1892 thumb|350px|right|Reconstruction of Iliupersis by Polygnotus 1893 thumb|350px|right|Reconstruction of Marathon by Polygnotus 1895

Gelon also known as Geto (Greek: Γέλων Gelon, gen.: Γέλωνος; died 478 BC), son of Deinomenes, was a Greek tyrant of the Sicilian cities Gela and Syracuse, Sicily, and first of the Deinomenid rulers.

ancient Greek traitor from Malis

Greek Sicilian tyrant of Acragas (died 473 BC)

Agatharchus or Agatharch () was a self-taught painter from Samos, who lived in the 5th century BC. His father was named Eudemos (Εὔδημος). He is said by Vitruvius to have invented scenic painting, and to have painted a scene (scenam fecit) for a tragedy which Aeschylus exhibited. Hence some writers, such as Karl Woermann, have supposed that he introduced perspective and illusionism into painting.

thumb|upright=1.2|Electrum coinage of Miletus, around the birth of Histiaeus. Circa 600-550 BC. thumb|upright=1.2|Coinage of Miletus at the time of Histiaeus. AR Obol (9mm, 1.07 g). Forepart of lion left, head right. Stellate and floral design within incuse square. Late 6th-early 5th century BC. Histiaeus (, died 493 BC), the son of Lysagoras, was a Greek ruler of Miletus in the late 6th century BC. Histiaeus was tyrant of Miletus under Darius I, king of Persia, who had subjugated Miletus and the other Ionian states in Asia Minor, and who generally appointed Greeks as tyrants to rule

5th-century BC Greek painter

first king of Odrysian state

Cleostratus (; b. c. 520 BC; d. possibly 432 BC) was an astronomer of ancient Greece. He was a native of Tenedos. He is believed by ancient historians to have introduced the zodiac (beginning with Aries and Sagittarius) and the solar calendar. According to J. Webb, Cleostratus took his ideas from the Babylonians.

ancient Attic-Greek vase-painter of the red-figure style

Anaxilas or Anaxilaus (), son of Cretines, was a tyrant of Rhegium (modern Reggio Calabria) in Magna Graecia. He was originally from Messenia, a region in the Peloponnese.

5th-century BC Olympic winner in boxing

Greek harpist and poet (c. 446 – 357 BC)

Myia (; , literally "Fly"; fl. c. 500 BC) was a Pythagorean philosopher and, according to later tradition, one of the daughters of Theano and Pythagoras.

Greek poet (c. 435/4 – 380/79 BC)

Greek Sicilian tyrant of Gela from 498 to 491 BC

Onomacritus (; c. 530 – c. 480 BC), also spelled Onomacritos and Onomakritos, was a Greek chresmologue, or compiler of oracles, who lived at the court of the tyrant Pisistratus in Athens and prepared an edition of the Homeric poems. He was a collector and forger of oracles and poems.

ancient Greek boxer

king of Cyrenaica from 465 to 440 BC

thumb|right|250px|Ostracon against Hyperbolus (c. 417 BC). Hyperbolus (, Hyperbolos; died 412/411 BC) was an Athenian politician active during the first half of the Peloponnesian War, coming to particular prominence after the death of Cleon. In 416 or 415 BC, he was the last Athenian to be ostracised.

Thracian king of the Odrysae

5th-century Greek ruler of Epirus

Tyrant of the Sicilian city of Gela from c. 505 to 498 BC

Tolmides, (Greek: Τολμίδης), son of Tolmaeus, was a leading Athenian general of the First Peloponnesian War. He rivalled Pericles and Myronides for the military leadership of Athens during the 450s and early 440s BC.

Tharrhypas (Greek: Θαρύπας or Θάρυψ) was a king of the Molossians and the great-great- grandfather of Alexander the Great. He was the father of Alcetas I, and is said to have been the first to introduce southern Greek (namely Attic) cultural traits among Molossians.

Thrasydaeus (), tyrant of Agrigentum in Magna Graecia, was the son and successor of Theron. Already during his father's lifetime he had been appointed to the government of Himera, where, by his violent and arbitrary conduct, he alienated the citizens, so that they were close to revolt. But when they sought support from Hiero of Syracuse, he betrayed them to Theron, who then put to death the leaders of the disaffected party and re-established his authority. Whether Thrasydaeus retained his position at Himera after this is unknown; but on the death of Theron (473 BC) he succeeded without opposit

Greek king of Cyrene from 515 BC to 465 BC

Late 5th-century BC Greek athlete

Thessalian mercenary general (c.423–c.400 BC)

ancient Greek athlete

thumb|Sacrifice of Iphigenia. Antique fresco from Pompeii

early 5th century BC Phocaean Greek admiral

Panaenus (), brother or nephew of Phidias, was an ancient Greek painter who worked in conjunction with Polygnotus and Micon at Athens.

Pagondas (), son of Aeolidas, was a Theban general and statesman, who is best known for his command of the Boeotian forces at the Battle of Delium (424 BC) during the Peloponnesian War. His modification of the standard hoplite phalanx and his use of reserve cavalry in that battle constitute what most historians agree is the first recorded use of formal military tactics in human history.

winner in ancient Olympics

5th century BC architect of Ancient Greece

ancient athlete, Pythian winner

Aglaophon ( Aglaofon) was an ancient Greek painter, born on the island of Thasos. He was the father and instructor of Polygnotus. He had another son named Aristophon. As Polygnotus flourished before the 90th Olympiad, Aglaophon probably lived around the 70th Olympiad, that is, around the late 6th or early 5th century BC. Quintilian praises his paintings, which were distinguished by the simplicity of their coloring, as worthy of admiration on other grounds besides their antiquity.

Hydna of Scione (alternately called Hydne or Cyana) (; fl. 480 BC) was an Ancient Greek swimmer and diver given credit for contributing to the destruction of the Persian navy in 480 BC.

Greek officer at Battle of Thermopylae, 480 BC

Mithaecus (Ancient Greek: Μίθαικος) was a cook and cookbook author of the late 5th century BC. A Greek-speaking native of Sicily, Magna Graecia, at a time when the island was rich and highly civilized, Mithaecus is credited with having brought knowledge of Sicilian gastronomy to Greece. Specifically, according to sources of varying reliability, he worked in Sparta, from which he was expelled as a bad influence, and in Athens. He earned an unfavourable mention in Plato's dialogue Gorgias.

5th century BCE Corinthian naval commander, son of Ocytus

Terillus (; fl. early 5th century BC) was a son of Crinippus, tyrant of Himera, in Sicily, Magna Graecia.

ancient Attic-Greek red-figure vase painter

Phaenarete (Greek Φαιναρέτη, born ), wife of Sophroniscus, was the mother of the Greek philosopher Socrates and his half-brother, Patrocles. (Since Sophroniscus had died before 424 BC, he was probably Phaenarete's first husband, while Chaeredemus, father of Patrocles, was her second). Historian of philosophy Debra Nails puts Phaenarete's birthdate around 484 BC, as she must have been old enough to give birth to Socrates in 469 and yet young enough to give birth to Patrocles about 450. She was apparently alive at the time of the Euthydemus, which was set in or after 407.

ancient Greek vase painter

5th-century BC Greek Olympic victor

5th-century BC Olympic running victor

Attic vase painter of the red-figure style

ancient Attic-Greek black-figure vase-painter

Greek mercenary (died 401 BC)