5th-century BC Greek politicians

Pericles (; ; –429 BC) was a Greek statesman and general during the Golden Age of Athens. He was prominent and influential in Ancient Athenian politics, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian War, and was acclaimed by Thucydides, a contemporary historian, as "the first citizen of Athens". Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War. The period during which he led Athens as its preeminent orator and statesman, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the "Age of Pericles

Themistocles (; , Themistoklēs; ) was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower-class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he convinced the polis to increase the naval power of Athens, a recurring theme in his political career. During the first Persian invasion of Greece, he fought at the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), and may have been on

Alcibiades (; ; 450 – 404 BC) was an Athenian statesman and general. The last of the Alcmaeonidae, he played a major role in the second half of the Peloponnesian War as a strategic advisor, military commander, and politician, but subsequently fell from prominence.

thumb|An [[ostrakon bearing the name "Aristeides [son] of Lysimachus", displayed in the Ancient Agora Museum in Athens]] Aristides ( ; , ; 530–468 BC) was an ancient Athenian statesman. Nicknamed "the Just" (δίκαιος, díkaios), he flourished at the beginning of Athens' Classical period and is remembered for his generalship in the Persian War. The ancient historian Herodotus cited him as "the best and most honourable man in Athens", and he received similarly reverent treatment in Plato's Socratic dialogues.

Cimon or Kimon (; – 450BC) was an Athenian strategos (general and admiral) and politician.

Cleon (; Kleon ; died 422 BC) was an Athenian politician and general (strategos) during the Peloponnesian War. The son of Cleaenetus, a wealthy tanner, Cleon was among the first prominent Athenian politicians of the 5th century BC to obtain power from outside the established elite.

Ephialtes (, Ephialtēs) was an ancient Athenian politician and an early leader of the democratic movement there. In the late 460s BC, he oversaw reforms that diminished the power of the Areopagus, a traditional bastion of conservatism, and which are considered by many modern historians to mark the beginning of the radical democracy for which Athens would become famous. These powers included the scrutiny and control of office holders, and the judicial functions in state trials. He reduced the property qualifications for holding a public office, and created a new definition of citizenship. In 46

thumb|right|250px|Ostracon against Hyperbolus (c. 417 BC). Hyperbolus (, Hyperbolos; died 412/411 BC) was an Athenian politician active during the first half of the Peloponnesian War, coming to particular prominence after the death of Cleon. In 416 or 415 BC, he was the last Athenian to be ostracised.

5th-century BC Greek boxer and Olympic victor

thumb|alt=An image of an ostrakon, a piece of pottery used for voting in ancient Athens, inscribed with the name of Callixenus, who was proposed for ostracism. The artifact is displayed in the Ancient Agora Museum in Athens|An ostrakon bearing the name of Callixenus, proposed for ostracism Callixenus () (fl. 406 BC – 400 BC) was an Athenian politician who lived around the time of Socrates. After the Battle of Arginusae, Callixenus argued that the generals who failed to rescue Athenian shipwreck victims should be tried together by the Assembly. Euryptolemus brought a suit (graphe paranomon) aga

Erasinides (; died 406 BC) was one of the ten commanders appointed to supersede Alcibiades after the Battle of Notium in 407 BCE.