6th-century BC establishments in Italy

Bologna () is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, with 390,734 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its metropolitan province is home to more than 1 million people as of 2025. Bologna is most famous for being the home to the oldest university in continuous operation, the University of Bologna, established in AD 1088.

period of ancient Roman civilization (509 BC–27 BC)

Agrigento (; or ) is a city on the southern coast of the autonomous island region of Sicily in Italy, capital of the province of Agrigento. As of 2025, with a population of 55,227, it is also the largest city in the province, 10th-largest in Sicily and 115th-largest in Italy.

Craco is a ghost town and comune in the southern Italian region of Basilicata, abandoned after the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. It is a tourist attraction and a popular filming location. In 2010, Craco was included in the watch list of the World Monuments Fund.

ancient Greek city

ancient temple in Agrigento, Italy

Ancient Roman altar in the Roman Forum