9th-century Arab people

Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (; ; ; ) was an Arab polymath who was active as a philosopher, mathematician, physician, and music theorist. Al-Kindi was the first of the Islamic peripatetic philosophers, and is hailed as the "father of Arab philosophy".

'''Al-Shafi'i''' (; ;767–820 CE) was a Muslim scholar, jurist, muhaddith, traditionist, theologian, ascetic, and eponym of the Shafi'i school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence. He is known to be the first to write a book upon the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, having authored one of the earliest work on the subject: al-Risala. His legacy and teaching on the matter provided it with a systematic form, thereby "fundamentally influencing the succeeding generations which are under his direct and obvious impact," and "beginning a new phase of the development of legal theory."

Muslim jurist and theologian (780–855)

Arab Muslim hadith scholar (821–875)

Al-Battani (before 858929), archaically Latinized as Albategnius, was a Arab Muslim astronomer, astrologer, geographer and mathematician, who lived and worked for most of his life at Raqqa, now in Syria. He is considered to be one of the greatest and most famous of the astronomers of the medieval Islamic world.

Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Basri (; ), commonly known as al-Jahiz (, ), was an Arab Muslim theologian, intellectual, and litterateur known for his individual Arabic prose. A polymath who lived during the Abbasid Caliphate, he was the author of works of literature (including theory and criticism), theology, zoology, philosophy, grammar, dialectics, rhetoric, philology, linguistics, and politico-religious polemics. His extensive zoological work has been credited with describing principles related to natural selection, ethology, and the functions of an ecosystem.

10th-century Arab traveller and ethnographer

eighth of the Twelve Shia Imams (766–818)

Emir of Cordoba from 822 to 852

Muslim theologian (874–936)

twelfth and last Imam in Shia Twelver of Islam

Legendary founder of the al-Qarawiyyin mosque

eleventh of the Twelve Shia Imams

Abu’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muʿtamid ʿalā’Llāh (; – 14 October 892), better known by his regnal name '''al-Muʿtamid ʿalā 'llāh''' (, 'Dependent on God'), was the caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate from 870 to 892. His reign marks the end of the "Anarchy at Samarra" and the start of the Abbasid restoration, but he was largely a ruler in name only. Power was held by his brother al-Muwaffaq, who held the loyalty of the military. Al-Mu'tamid's authority was circumscribed further after a failed attempt to flee to the domains controlled by Ahmad ibn Tulun in late 882, and he

tenth of the Twelve Shia Imams (828–868)

ninth of the Twelve Imams of Twelver Shi'ism

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Kathīr al-Farghānī () also known as Alfraganus in the West (870), was an astronomer in the Abbasid court in Baghdad, and one of the most famous astronomers in the 9th century. Al-Farghani composed several works on astronomy and astronomical equipment that were widely distributed in Arabic and Latin and were influential to many scientists. His best known work, Kitāb fī Jawāmiʿ ʿIlm al-Nujūmi (whose name translates to Elements of astronomy on the celestial motions), was an extensive summary of Ptolemy's Almagest containing revised and more accurate experiment

Emir of Córdoba from 796 to 822

Muslim scholar and historian (died 833)

Emir of Córdoba from 852 to 886

Arab Christian scholar, physician and scientist (809–873)

Emir of Córdoba from 888 to 912

Emir of Córdoba from 886 to 888

Medieval Arabian princess

Abbasid prince, poet and politician (861–908)

Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Umar ibn Waqid al-Aslami () ( – 207 AH; commonly referred to as al-Waqidi (Arabic: ; c. 747 – 823 AD) was an early Arab Muslim historian and biographer of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, specializing in his military campaigns. His surname is derived from his grandfather's name Waqid, and thus he became famous as al-Imam al-Waqidi. He served as a judge (qadi) for the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun. Several of al-Waqidi's works are known through his scribe and student (in the field of the al-maghazi genre), Ibn Sa'd.

Sultan of Morocco from 803 to 828

Arab scholar, biographer and historian (784/5-845)

Nabatean Arab writer, agronomist and historian

Abū al-Qāsim Sulaymān ibn Aḥmad ibn Ayyūb ibn Muṭayyir al-Lakhmī ash-Shāmī aṭ-Ṭabarānī () (873/874–970/971 CE/260–360 AH), commonly known as at-Tabarani (), was a Sunni Muslim scholar and traditionist known for the extensive volumes of narrations he published.

Daughter of the Seventh Twelver Imam

Al-Walīd ibn Ubaidillah Al-Buḥturī () (821–97 AD; 206–84 AH) was an Arab poet born at Manbij in Islamic Syria, between Aleppo and the Euphrates. Like Abū Tammām (), he was of the tribe of Tayy, from the Buhturids.

Arab historian (737–819)

'''Abu Ahmad Ṭalḥa ibn Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn Hārūn al-Muwaffaq bi'Llah (; 29 November 843 – 2 June 891), better known by his as Al-Muwaffaq Billah' (), was an Abbasid prince and military leader, who acted as the de facto'' regent of the Abbasid Caliphate for most of the reign of his brother, Caliph al-Mu'tamid. His stabilization of the internal political scene after the decade-long "Anarchy at Samarra", his successful defence of Iraq against the Saffarids and the suppression of the Zanj Rebellion restored a measure of the Caliphate's former power and began a period of recovery, which culmina

Egyptian historian (801-871)

Sultan of Morocco from 828 to 836

Hadith compiler

9th-century Emir of Morocco

Emir of Morocco from 849 to 863

jurist and theologian in Ifriqiya

physician

emir of Tabaristan

Sultan of Morocco from 836 to 849

Emir of Morocco (died 905)

Muslim scholar

Arab poet and linguist

Emir of Morocco from 863 to 866

Arabic mathematician

Al-Muḥāsibī () (781–857 CE) was a Muslim Arab, theologian, philosopher and ascetic. He is considered to be the founder of the Baghdad School of Islamic philosophy which combined Kalam and Sufism, and a teacher of the Sufi masters Junayd al-Baghdadi and Sirri Saqti.

Abd Allah ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Darimi (; 797–869 CE) was a Muslim scholar and Imam of Arab or Persian ancestry. His best known work is Sunan al-Darimi, a book collection of hadith, considered one of the Nine Books (Al-Kutub Al-Tis’ah).

Seventh of the Isma'ili Shia Imams (740–813

Mu'tazilite theologian and poet

Sunni Islamic scholar (778–849)

Al-Mubarrad () (al-Mobarrad), or Abū al-‘Abbās Muḥammad ibn Yazīd (c. 826c. 898), was a native of Baṣrah. He was a philologist, biographer and a leading grammarian of the School of Basra, a rival to the School of Kufa. In 860 he was called to the court of the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil at Samarra. When the caliph was killed the following year, he went to Baghdād, and taught there until his death.

Arab astronomer

Shi'a scholar

thumb|The end of Thaalibia Quran printed in Warsh's narration. '''Abu Sa'id Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qebṭi, better known as Warsh' (110-197AH), was a significant figure in the history of Quranic recitation (qira'at''), the canonical methods of reciting the Qur'an. Alongside Qalun, he was one of the two primary transmitters of the canonical reading method of Nafi‘ al-Madani. Together, their style is the most common form of Qur'anic recitation in the generality of African mosques outside of Egypt, and is also popular in Yemen and Darfur despite the rest of Sudan following the method of Hafs. The meth

9th-century ruler of the Arab emirate of Malatya

Tenth of the Shia Isma'ili Imams ( 825–881)

Sahnun ibn Said ibn Habib al-Tanukhi () (c. 776/77 – 854/55) (160 AH – 240 AH ) was a jurist in the Maliki school from Qayrawan in modern-day Tunisia.