9th-century establishments in the Abbasid Caliphate

library, translation institute and research center in medieval Baghdad

Cizre () is a city in the Cizre District of Şırnak Province in Turkey. It is located on the river Tigris by the Syria–Turkey border and close to the Iraq–Turkey border. Cizre is in the historical region of Upper Mesopotamia and the cultural region of Turkish Kurdistan. The city had a population of 130,916 in 2021. It is predominantly inhabited by Kurds.

The Tulunid State, also known as the Tulunid Emirate or the State of Banu Tulun, and popularly referred to as the Tulunids () was a Mamluk dynasty of Turkic origin who ruled Egypt on behalf of the Abbasid Caliphate. They were autonomous from 868 until 905, when the Abbasids restored the Tulunid domains to their control.

mosque in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia

Abbasid capital city

Al-Rahba (/ALA-LC: al-Raḥba, sometimes spelled Raḥabah), also known as '''Qal'at al-Rahba''', which translates as the "Citadel of al-Rahba", is a medieval Arab fortress on the west bank of the Euphrates River, adjacent to the city of Mayadin in Syria. Situated atop a mound with an elevation of , al-Rahba oversees the Syrian Desert steppe. It has been described as "a fortress within a fortress"; it consists of an inner keep measuring , protected by an enclosure measuring . Al-Rahba is largely in ruins today as a result of wind erosion.