American relativity theorists

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum theory. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from special relativity, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for "his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect".

Italian–American physicist (1901–1954)

American theoretical physicist (1918–1988)

J. Robert Oppenheimer was an American theoretical physicist who served as the director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II. He is often called the "father of the atomic bomb" for his role in overseeing the development of the first nuclear weapons.

Austrian-American logician, mathematician, and philosopher of mathematics (1906-1978)

American astronomer

American astronomer

American physicist (born 1940)

American physical chemist

American physicist (1911-2008)

American physicist

American mathematician from Hong Kong

Mexican-Israeli physicist

American theoretical physicist (born 1955)

American mathematician (1884-1944)

American physicist (1881–1948)

American physicist (1923–2004)

American theoretical cosmologist

American physicist noted for his book The Physics of Immortality

American mathematician (1925-2006)

American physicist (1939-2023)

American physicist (1932–2023)

Greek-American mathematician

Indian physicist

American mathematician

American mathematician and physicist (1903–1961)

Hungarian mathematician and physicist (1893–1974)

American mathematician and mathematical physicist

American theoretical physicist (1929–2021)

American physicist (1939–2022)

American astrophysicist

American physicist

American theoretical physicist

American physicist

American physicist

American mathematician and physicist (1911-1999)

astrophysicist

American physicist

Canadian physicist

astrophysicist, theoretical physicist, and computational biologist

German-American physicist

American physicist (1928–2014)

American physicist (1921–1977)

German-American mathematical physicist (1932-2024)

Russian-American electrical engineer, inventor, professor, and author (1876–1948)

American physicist

American physicist

American cosmologist (1926–2015)

American scientist (1915–1971)

American physicist

Hungarian mathematician

21st-century American mathematicians