Arabic–Latin translators

12th-century English natural philosopher

Italian translator and astrologer (c. 1114 – 1187)

physician and alchemist of Crown of Aragon

11th-century monk and translator of medical works

Scottish mathematician and scholar (1175–c.1232)

12th-century Carinthian astrologer

12th-century Italian astronomer and mathematician

English mathematician, translator and writer

12th-century Castilian scholar

Spanish philosopher

Maronite orientalist (1687-1768)

English theologian, astronomer and Arabist

medieval bishop and translator

Italian admiral

12th-13th century English text translator

Spanish physician

Syrian translator (1605–1664)

Spanish translator

Spanish linguist

Spanish academic and orientalist (1710–1791)

Lebanese scholar

Syrian astrologer

Spanish linguist and astronomer

13th-century Sicilian-Jewish physician and translator