Cenozoic mammals of Europe

A mammoth is a member of the extinct elephantid genus Mammuthus. They lived from the late Miocene epoch (from around 6.2 million years ago) into the Holocene until about 4,000 years ago, with mammoth species at various times inhabiting Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Mammoths are distinguished from living elephants by their (typically large) spirally twisted tusks and in some later species, the development of numerous adaptions to living in cold environments, including a thick layer of fur.

Hipparion is an extinct genus of three-toed, medium-sized equine belonging to the extinct tribe Hipparionini, which lived about 10-5 million years ago. While the genus formerly included most hipparionines, the genus is now more narrowly defined as hipparionines from Eurasia spanning the Late Miocene. Hipparion was a mixed-feeder who ate mostly grass, and lived in the savannah biome. Hipparion evolved from Cormohipparion, and went extinct due to environmental changes like cooling climates and decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

Hyaenodon ("hyena-tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous placental mammals from the tribe Hyaenodontini, part of the subfamily Hyaenodontinae (which is within the family Hyaenodontidae), that belonged to the now extinct order Hyaenodonta. The genus was found lived in Eurasia and North America from the Middle Eocene to the Early Miocene, from 38 to 17 million years ago, existing for . Hyaenodon first evolved in Asia, probably evolving from Propterodon.

Homotherium is an extinct genus of scimitar-toothed cat belonging to the extinct subfamily Machairodontinae that inhabited North America, Eurasia, and Africa, as well as possibly South America during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs from around 4 million to 12,000 years ago. A probable descendant of Amphimachairodus, it was one of the last surviving members of Machairodontinae alongside the more famous sabertooth Smilodon, to which it was not particularly closely related. It was a large cat, comparable in size to a lion with a body mass of up to , functioning as an apex predator in the ecos

Aceratherium, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (á-), meaning "-less", κέρας (kéras), meaning "horn", and θηρίον (theríon), meaning "beast", is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid of the subfamily Aceratheriinae that lived in Eurasia during the Miocene.

Darwinius is a genus within the infraorder Adapiformes, a group of basal strepsirrhine primates from the middle Eocene epoch. Its only known species, Darwinius masillae, lived approximately 47 million years ago (Lutetian stage) based on dating of the fossil site.

Pachycrocuta is an extinct genus of hyena. The largest and most well-researched species is Pachycrocuta brevirostris, colloquially known as the giant short-faced hyena as it stood about at the shoulder and it is estimated to have averaged in weight, approaching the size of a lioness, making it the largest known undisputed hyena, only exceeded in size by the possible hyena Dinocrocuta. It is often hypothesised to have been a specialised kleptoparasitic scavenger, using its imposing size to force other predators off of carcasses, though some authors have suggested they may have been effective pa

Eomanis ("dawn pangolin") is the earliest known true (and scaled) pangolin from extinct family Eomanidae (and extinct superfamily Eomanoidea) within suborder Eupholidota. It lived during the Eocene in Europe. Eomanis fossils found in the Messel Pit in Germany are very similar in size and anatomy to living pangolins of the genus Manis, indicating that pangolins have remained largely unchanged in morphology and behavior for 50 million years. However, unlike modern pangolins, its tail and legs did not bear scales. According to the stomach contents of the excellently preserved Messel specimens, Eo

Eucladoceros (Greek for "well-branched antler") is an extinct genus of large deer whose fossils have been discovered across Eurasia, from Europe to China, spanning from the Early Pliocene to the end of the Early Pleistocene. The various species of the genus are noted for their unusual comb-like or branching antlers, though antler shape varied considerably between different species.

Metailurus is a genus of saber-toothed cat in the family Felidae, and belonging to the tribe Metailurini, which occurred in North America, Eurasia and Africa from the Miocene to the Middle Pleistocene.

Agriotherium is an extinct genus of bears whose fossils are found in Miocene through Pleistocene-aged strata of Eurasia and Africa. The earliest species, A. inexpetans, evolved during the Late Miocene, around 7.6 Mya. The latest record for the genus was around 1.8 Mya, during the Early Pleistocene.

Cervalces is an extinct deer genus that lived during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. Cervalces gallicus is either classified as a species of the related Libralces, or an ancestral species to other members of Cervalces. It lived in Europe from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene. Cervalces scotti, the stag-moose, lived in Pleistocene North America. Cervalces latifrons, the broad-fronted moose, and Cervalces carnutorum were found in Pleistocene Europe and Asia. The genus has been suggested to be paraphyletic and ancestral with respect to Alces, the genus which contains the modern moose, and as

Diceratherium (meaning "two horned beast") is an extinct genus of rhinocerotid native to North America during the Oligocene through Miocene living from 33.9 to 11.6 mya, existing for approximately . Mass estimates for the type species, D. armatum average around

Paracamelus is an extinct genus of camel in the family Camelidae. It originated in North America and crossed the Beringian land bridge into Eurasia during the Late Miocene, about 6 million years ago (Ma). It is the presumed ancestor to living camels of the genus Camelus.

species of mammal

Euromanis ("european pangolin") is one of the earliest known pangolin genera. It lived during the middle Eocene in Europe. Euromanis fossils found in the Messel Pit in Germany. Unlike modern pangolins, it did not bear scales on its body.

Dorcatherium is an extinct genus of tragulid ruminant which existed in Europe, East Africa, and the Siwaliks during the Miocene and possibly Pliocene.

thumb|left|Life restoration Cadurcodon is an extinct genus of amynodont that lived during the Late Eocene to the Oligocene period. Fossils have been found throughout Mongolia and China. It may have sported a tapir-like proboscis due to the distinct features found in fossil skulls.

Proboscidipparion is an extinct genus of hipparionine equine. It is named after its unusual retracted nasal region of the skull, which may have supported a proboscis. Fossils have been found throughout Eurasia, from England (Red Crag) to China. The oldest specimens are known from Asia, dating to the Early Pliocene, around 5.3-5 million years ago. The genus was one of the last surviving hipparionines, with the youngest specimen dating to the end of the Early Pleistocene, around 1 million years ago.

Hyainailourinae ("hyena-like cats") is a paraphyletic subfamily of hyaenodonts from extinct paraphyletic family Hyainailouridae. They arose during the Middle Eocene in Asia, and persisted well into the Late Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Africa, Eurasia, and North America.

Pseudarctos is a member of the extinct family Amphicyonidae of terrestrial carnivores belonging to the suborder Caniformia, which inhabited Eurasia in the Middle Miocene subepoch 16.9—11.1 Ma, existing for approximately .

Apterodontinae ("without winged tooth") is an extinct subfamily of hyaenodonts from extinct paraphyletic family Hyainailouridae, specialised for aquatic, otter-like habits. They lived in Africa and Europe from the late Eocene to middle Oligocene.