Conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union

On 24 February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the existing war between the two countries that began when Russia attacked Ukraine in 2014. The fighting has caused hundreds of thousands of military casualties and tens of thousands of Ukrainian civilian casualties. As of April 2026, Russian troops occupy roughly 20% of Ukraine. From a population of 41 million, about 8 million Ukrainians have been internally displaced and 6–7 million have fled the country, creating Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II.

The Russo-Ukrainian war began in February 2014 and is ongoing. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia occupied Crimea and annexed it from Ukraine. It then supported Russian separatist armed groups who started a war in the eastern Donbas region against Ukraine's military. In 2018, Ukraine declared the region to be occupied by Russia. The first eight years of conflict also involved naval incidents and cyberwarfare. In February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine and began occupying more of the country, starting the current phase of the war, the biggest conflict in Europe since World War II. The war has resulted in a refugee crisis and hundreds of thousands of deaths.

2008 Russian invasion of Georgia

war fought from 1994 to 1996 in Chechnya

armed conflict that took place in the late 1980s to May 1994

war in Chechnya

series of protests in Kazakhstan that began on 2 January 2022 after an LPG price increase

ethnic and territorial conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan

Russian preparation for the invasion since March 2021

1990–1992 conflict between Moldova and Russian-backed self-proclaimed Transnistria

1992–1997 civil war in Tajikistan

war in Abkhazia from 1992 to 1993

1991-1993 civil war

2022 conflict between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan

1989–present conflict between Georgia and the partially recognized Abkhazia

low-level armed conflict in Russia

territorial dispute between Russia and Ukraine over Tuzla Island in October 2003

2022 protest movement in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan

1992 war between ethnic Ossetes and Ingush

non-violent protest event in Latvia in 1991

1990–present conflict between Moldova and its separatist region of Transnistria

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military conflicts in the former Soviet Union

Kyrgyz–Uzbek ethnic conflict in the Kirghiz SSR

1995 coup attempt in Azerbaijan

territories occupied by Russia

military coup d'état in Georgia after the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991

conflict between Moldova and its Gagauz-populated territory from 1989 to 1995

military conflict in Georgia between Chechen insurgents and Georgian government forces

assaults on the Lithuanian border in 1990-1991

2010-2015 armed conflict in Tajikistan

conflict in Russian military leadership

conflict between Russians and Cauacsians