Consciousness–matter dualism

thumb|In meditation, chakras are often visualised in different ways, such as a lotus flower, or a disc containing a particular deity.

In the Sinosphere and Chinese philosophy, qi ( ; ) is a vital force traditionally believed to be a part of all living entities. Literally meaning 'vapor', 'air', 'gas', or 'breath', the word qi is polysemous, often translated as 'vital energy', 'vital force', 'material energy', or simply 'energy'. Qi is also a concept in traditional Chinese medicine and in Chinese martial arts. The attempt to cultivate and balance qi is called qigong.

Polynesian spiritual practice

mystical and esoteric concept of a speculative invisible eye which provides perception beyond ordinary sight

Baron Carl von Reichenbach's notion of a physical force believed to pervade all nature, and manifesting itself chiefly in connection with mesmeric phenomena

belief held by certain schools of Indian philosophy that reality is fundamentally composed of two parts

metaphysical belief in immaterial spirits