Disabilities (Jewish) in Europe

antisemitic laws in Nazi Germany

forced distribution of Jewish population in the Russian Empire

tax imposed on Jews in the Roman Empire

special oath imposed upon medieval Jews

Geltungsjude was the term for people who were considered Jews by the first supplementary decree to the Nuremberg Laws from 14 November 1935. The term was not used officially, but was coined because the persons were deemed (gelten in German) Jews rather than exactly belonging to any of the categories of the previous Nuremberg Laws. There were three categories of Geltungsjuden: 1. offspring of an intermarriage who belonged to the Jewish community after 1935; 2. offspring of an intermarriage who was married to a Jew after 1935; 3. illegitimate child of a Geltungsjude, born after 1935.

'''''' (, "protected Jew") was a status for German Jews granted by the imperial, princely or royal courts.

laws enacted in the late 1930s

thumb|Schaffhausen Dicken coin from 1617. It corresponds to the Leibzoll of 24 kreuzers that Jews had to pay from 1676 onwards to stay in Schaffhausen. Coin in the collection of the [[Jewish Museum of Switzerland. ]] The Leibzoll (German: "body tax") was a special toll that Jews had to pay in most European states from the Middle Ages to the 19th century.