Elementary special functions

right|thumb|upright=1.35|Plots of logarithm functions, with three commonly used bases. The special points are indicated by dotted lines, and all curves intersect in .

inverse operation of square for finding the original base number; that base number itself

logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant e

of a number x, 1 divided by x

inverse function of the trigonometric function

number which produces a given number when cubed

function

mathematical function with a constant base and a variable exponent, denoted exp_a(x) or a^x

mathematical function whose (output) value is the same for every input value

indicator function of rational numbers

special mathematical function defined as sin(x)/x

function that relates the circular functions and hyperbolic functions without using complex numbers

exponential function of an exponential function

2nd century CE trigonometric table