Enclaves and exclaves in Central Asia

Bishkek, formerly known as Pishpek (until 1926), and then Frunze (1926–1991), is the capital and largest urban city of Kyrgyzstan. The city is also the capital of the Chüy Region. It is situated near the border with Kazakhstan and has a population of around 1,200,000 people as of 2024.

Dushanbe is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan. , Dushanbe had a population of 1,228,400, with this population being largely Tajik. Until 1929, the city was known in Russian as Dyushambe, and from 1929 to 1961 as Stalinabad, after Joseph Stalin. Dushanbe is located in the Hisar Valley, bounded by the Hisar Range in the north and east and the Babatag, Aktau, Rangontau and Karatau mountains in the south, and has an elevation of 750–930 m. The city is divided into four districts: Ismail Samani, Avicenna, Ferdowsi, and Shah Mansur.

district in Fergana Region, Uzbekistan

Vorukh (Russian and Tajik: Ворух; ) is a jamoat in northern Tajikistan that forms part of the city of Isfara in Sughd Region. , the jamoat had a total population of 45.000. It is an exclave surrounded by the Batken Region of Kyrgyzstan.

Shohimardon (also Shakhimardan, , ) is a village and a subdivision (rural community) of Fergana District, Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan. It is an exclave of Uzbekistan, surrounded by Kyrgyzstan, in a valley in the Pamir-Alay mountains. The name means ‘King of Men’ in Persian. The river Shohimardonsoy flows through the exclave. There are two villages: Shohimardon and Yordon.

Kyrgyz exclave in Uzbekistan

village in Tajikistan

place in Sughd Region, Tajikistan