Eocene mammals of Asia

Pakicetus (meaning 'whale from Pakistan') is an extinct genus of amphibious cetacean of the family Pakicetidae, which was endemic to South Asia during the Ypresian (early Eocene) period, about 50 million years ago. It was a wolf-like mammal, about long, and lived in and around water where it ate fish and other animals. The name Pakicetus comes from the fact that the first fossils of this extinct amphibious whale were discovered in Pakistan. The vast majority of paleontologists regard it as the most basal whale, representing a transitional stage between land mammals and whales. It belongs to th

Basilosaurus (meaning "king lizard") is a genus of large, predatory, prehistoric archaeocete whale from the late Eocene, approximately 41.3 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). First described in 1834, it was the first archaeocete and prehistoric whale known to science. Fossils attributed to the type species B. cetoides were discovered in the southeastern United States. The generic name, meaning "king lizard", was given due to the initial misconception about the fossil material as that of a giant reptile. The animal was later found to be an early marine mammal, prompting attempts at renaming the c

Uintatherium is an extinct genus of dinoceratan mammal that lived during the Eocene epoch. Two species are currently recognized: U. anceps is found in the United States and lived during the early to middle Eocene (50.5–37 million years ago), while U. insperatus is found in China and lived during the middle and late Eocene (48–37 million years ago). The first fossils of Uintatherium were recovered from the Fort Bridger Basin and were initially believed to belong to a new species of brontothere. Several previously recognized species, as well as genera such as Edward Drinker Cope's Loxolophodon a

Arsinoitherium (Arsinoe II's beast) is an extinct genus of paenungulate mammals belonging to the extinct order Embrithopoda. It is related to elephants, sirenians, and hyraxes. Arsinoitheres were superficially rhinoceros-like herbivores that lived during the Late Eocene and the Early Oligocene of North Africa from 36 to 30 million years ago, in areas of tropical rainforest and at the margin of mangrove swamps. A species described in 2004, A. giganteum, lived in Ethiopia about 27 million years ago.

Ambulocetus (from Latin ambulō, meaning "to walk", and cetus, meaning "whale", and thus, "walking whale") is a genus of early semiaquatic cetacean from the Kuldana Formation in Pakistan, roughly 48 or 47 million years ago during the Early Eocene (Lutetian). It contains one species, Ambulocetus natans (Latin natans "swimming"), known solely from one near-complete skeleton. Ambulocetus is among the best-studied of Eocene cetaceans, and serves as an instrumental find in the study of cetacean evolution and their transition from land to sea, as it was the first cetacean discovered to preserve a sui

Andrewsarchus (), meaning "Andrews' ruler", is an extinct genus of artiodactyl that lived during the Middle Eocene in what is now China. The genus was first described by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1924 with the type species A. mongoliensis based on a largely complete cranium. A second species, A. crassum, was described in 1977 based on teeth. A mandible, formerly described as Paratriisodon, does probably belong to Andrewsarchus as well. The genus has been historically placed in the families Mesonychidae or Arctocyonidae, or was considered to be a close relative of whales. It is now regarded as

Propalaeotherium was an early genus of perissodactyl endemic to Europe and Asia during the early Eocene. There are currently six recognised species within the genus, with P. isselanum as the type species (named by Georges Cuvier in 1824).

Rodhocetus (from Rodho, the geological anticline at the type locality, and , Latin for whale) is an extinct genus of protocetid early whale known from the Lutetian of Pakistan. The best-known protocetid, Rodhocetus is known from two partial skeletons that taken together give a complete image of an Eocene whale that had short limbs with long hands and feet that were probably webbed and a sacrum that was immobile with four partially fused sacral vertebrae. It is one of several extinct whale genera that possess land mammal characteristics, thus demonstrating the evolutionary transition from land

Indohyus (meaning "Indian pig", from Greek ινδός, indos, meaning 'Indian' and ὗς, hus, meaning 'pig' or 'swine') is an extinct genus of raoellid artiodactyl known from Eocene fossils in Asia. The fossils were discovered among rocks that had been collected in 1970 in Kashmir by the Indian geologist A. Ranga Rao, who found a few teeth and parts of a jawbone. He named the type and only species, Indohyus indirae, one year later.

Coryphodon (from Greek , "point", and , "tooth", meaning peaked tooth, referring to "the development of the angles of the ridges into points [on the molars].") is an extinct genus of pantodonts of the family Coryphodontidae.

Embolotherium (Greek , + , "battering ram beast", or "wedge beast") is an extinct genus of brontothere that lived in Mongolia during the late Eocene epoch. It is most easily recognized by a large bony protuberance emanating from the anterior (front) of the skull. This resembles a battering ram, hence the name Embolotherium. The animal is known from about 12 skulls, several jaws, and a variety of other skeletal elements from the Ulan Gochu formation of Inner Mongolia as well as the Ergilin Dzo Formation of Outer Mongolia.

Anthracotherium (from Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax), meaning "coal", and θηρίον (theríon), meaning "beast") is an extinct genus of anthracotheriid artiodactyls characterized by having 44 teeth, with five semi-crescentic cusps on the crowns of the upper molars. The genus ranged from the middle Eocene period until the early Miocene, having a distribution throughout Eurasia probably even reaching South East Asia (Kalimantan and West Timor). Material subjectively assigned to Anthracotherium from Pakistan suggests the last species died out soon after the start of the Miocene.

Mesonyx ("middle claw") is an extinct genus of mesonychid, one of the families that is part of the extinct order Mesonychia. Fossils of the various species are found in Early to Late Eocene-age strata in the United States and Early Eocene-aged strata in China, 51.8—51.7 Ma (AEO).

Sarkastodon ("flesh-tearing tooth") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from the extinct subfamily Oxyaeninae within the extinct family Oxyaenidae. The genus lived in Asia (in today's China and Mongolia) during the middle Eocene and was the last known oxyaenid. The first fossil of Sarkastodon, part of a lower jaw, was discovered in 1928 in one of the Central Asiatic Expeditions. The second, consisting of the front of the skull and two partial lower jaws, was discovered by a surgeon, Dr. A. Z. Garber, in the final expedition, two years later. Recognised as a "relatively colossal" oxyaenid,

Ichthyolestes (meaning "fish robber" from Ancient Greek ἰχθύς (ikhthús), meaning "fish", and λῃστής (lēistḗs), meaning "robber") is an extinct genus of pakicetid cetacean endemic to the northern Indian subcontinent during the Lutetian age of the Eocene. It is monotypic, with I. pinfoldi as the only species.

Remingtonocetus is an extinct genus of early cetacean freshwater aquatic mammals of the family Remingtonocetidae endemic to the coastline of the ancient Tethys Ocean during the Eocene. It was named after naturalist Remington Kellogg.

Eosimias is a genus of early primates, first discovered and identified in 1999 from fossils collected in the Shanghuang fissure-fillings of Liyang, the southern city of Jiangsu Province, China. It is a part of the family Eosimiidae, and includes three known species: Eosimias sinensis, Eosimias centennicus, and Eosimias dawsonae. It provides us with a glimpse of a primate skeleton similar to that of the common ancestor of the Haplorhini (including all simians). The name Eosimias is designed to mean "dawn monkey", from Greek eos "dawn" and Latin simius "monkey".

thumb|left|Restoration of Hyopsodus paulus

Basiloterus is an extinct genus of late-Eocene archaeocete whale from the Drazinda Formation in southwestern Punjab, Pakistan and possibly also the Barton Group (originally Barton Beds) of England. Known from two isolated lumbar vertebrae, the elongated nature of these elements has been taken as possible evidence that Basiloterus was a close relative of the better-known Basilosaurus. This was also the reasoning behind its name, which roughly translates to "another king". However, publications since then not only lead to some major changes of the internal relationships within Basilosauridae but

Diacodexis is an extinct genus of small herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Diacodexeidae that lived in North America and Europe from 55.4 mya to 46.2 mya, existing for approximately .

Juxia ('joo-she-a'; from ) is an extinct genus of paraceratheriid, a group of herbivorous mammals that are related to the modern rhinoceros, that lived in Asia during the upper Eocene. The type species is J. sharamurenensis, named by Zhou Mingzhen and in 1964. thumb|left|Skull and neck of a mounted specimen of Juxia sharamurenensis, Paleozoological Museum of China As an early paraceratheriid, Juxia was a relatively small animal, around the size of a horse, compared to its later relatives, with a body mass estimated at or , held by elongated long legs and small skull firmly attached to a rela

Harpagolestes ("hooked thief") is an extinct genus of hyena like, bear sized mesonychid mesonychian that lived in Central and Eastern Asia and western and central North America during the middle to late Eocene. It has been suggested that Harpagolestes is a wastebasket genus for fragmentary Eocene mesonychids.

Andrewsiphius is an extinct remingtonocetid early whale known from the Eocene (Lutetian, ) of Gujarat and Kutch, India and Balochistan, Pakistan.

Dermotherium is a genus of fossil mammals closely related to the living colugos, a small group of gliding mammals from Southeast Asia. Two species are recognized: D. major from the Late Eocene of Thailand, based on a single fragment of the lower jaw, and D. chimaera from the Late Oligocene of Thailand, known from three fragments of the lower jaw and two isolated upper molars. In addition, a single isolated upper molar from the Early Oligocene of Pakistan has been tentatively assigned to D. chimaera. All sites where fossils of Dermotherium have been found were probably forested e

Nalacetus is an extinct pakicetid early whale, fossils of which have been found in Lutetian red beds in Punjab, Pakistan (, paleocoordinates ). Nalacetus lived in a fresh water environment, was amphibious, and carnivorous. It was considered monophyletic by . It was said to be wolf-sized and one of the earliest forms of the order Cetacea.

Mongolonyx is an extinct genus of carnivorous mesonychid mammal that lived during the Middle Eocene in Inner Mongolia (China). It was described by Szalay and Gould.

Mongolestes ("Mongolian robber") is an extinct genus of mesonychid known from the 'Ulan Gochu' formation of Inner Mongolia, and likely originated in Asia. It was the last surviving representative of Mesonychia and became extinct in the early Oligocene.

Nyctitheriidae is a family of extinct eulipotyphlan insectivores known from the Paleocene and Eocene epochs of North America and Asia and persisting into the Oligocene of Europe. Several genera, including Nyctitherium, Paradoxonycteris, and Wyonycteris, have initially been described as bats, although the family is more frequently placed in the order Eulipotyphla.

Dalanistes is an extinct genus of remingtonocetid early whale known from the late-early Eocene (Lutetian, ) of Kutch, India and Punjab and Balochistan, Pakistan. Dalanistes is closely related to Remingtonocetus (the type genus of Remingtonocetidae, a slightly more derived family of early whales), but also shares several features with Ambulocetus (the type of Ambulocetidae, earlier more primitive whales), and, with its combination of terrestrial and amphibious adaptations, Dalanistes apparently is an intermediate form between these two groups. Isotopic evidence suggest that Dalanistes had a mar

Guangxicyon is a medium-sized, extinct genus of amphicyonid carnivoran, or "bear dog," which inhabited southern China during the Late Eocene. It is notable for being the oldest member of its family known from Asia, and is characterized by a shortened face and atypical, bunodont dentition. It inhabited a subtropical forest shaped by monsoon climate not unlike the one present in the region where it was found today. Only a single species, Guangxicyon sinoamericanus, is known.

Artiocetus is an extinct genus of early whales belonging to the family Protocetidae. It was a close relative to Rodhocetus and its tarsals indicate it resembled an artiodactyl.

Homogalax (from the Greek "ὁμογάλαξ") is an extinct genus of tapir-like odd-toed ungulate. It was described on the basis of several fossil finds from the northwest of the United States, whereby the majority of the remains come from the state of Wyoming. The finds date to the Lower Eocene between 56 and 48 million years ago. In general, Homogalax was very small, only reaching the weight of today's peccaries, with a maximum of 15 kg. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the genus to be a basal member of the clade that includes today's rhinoceros and tapirs (collectively called Ceratomorpha). In c

Hoanghonius is a genus of adapiform primate that lived in Asia during the middle Eocene.

Archaeonycteris is an archaic bat genus whose fossilised remains have been found in Germany, France, England and India.

Ganlea is a fossil primate from central Myanmar, formerly known as Burma. Its age is about 38 million years, living during the late Eocene epoch. Ganlea belongs to the group of anthropoids (i. e. humans, apes and monkeys), and is in the family Amphipithecidae. It is older than any other known anthropoid from Africa, and is the second oldest known from Asia. Its remains consist of teeth and jawbones belonging to 10 to 15 individuals found near the city of Bagan in the central part of the country.

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Forstercooperia is an extinct genus of forstercooperiine paraceratheriid rhinocerotoids from the Middle Eocene of Asia.

Rhinotitan (nose giant) is an extinct genus of brontothere from the Eocene of Mongolia, with two valid species, R. andrewsi and R. kaiseni. The genus included medium to large brontotheres which had long skulls with nasal horns. Like other solid-horned brontotheres, Rhinotitan was sexually dimorphic in horn size. In living mammals, this pattern is found in species that live in groups; males have the larger horns, and use them in ritualized combats with other males to decide control of territories that offer breeding access to females. Most horned brontotheres had dish-shaped skulls assumed to b

Pappaceras is an extinct genus of rhinocerotoids from the Early Eocene of Asia belonging to Paraceratheriidae.

Apatemys is a member of the family Apatemyidae, an extinct group of small and insectivorous placental mammals that lived in the Paleogene of North America, India, and Europe. While the number of genera and species is less agreed upon, it has been determined that two apatemyid genera, Apatemys and Sinclairella, existed sequentially during the Eocene in North America. The genus Apatemys, living as far back as 50.3 million years ago (mya), existed through part of the Wasatchian and persisted through the Duchesnean, and Sinclairella followed, existing from the Duchesnean through the Arikareean. Ex

Ignacius is a genus of extinct mammal from the early Cenozoic era. This genus is present in the fossil record from around 62-33 Ma (late Torrejonian-Chadronian North American Land Mammals Ages). The earliest known specimens of Ignacius come from the Torrejonian of the Fort Union Formation, Wyoming and the most recent known specimens from Ellesmere Island in northern Canada. Ignacius is one of ten genera within the family Paromomyidae, the longest living family of any plesiadapiforms, persisting for around 30 Ma during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs. The analyses of postcranial fossils by pale

The Gelocidae are an extinct family of hornless ruminantia that are estimated to have lived during the Eocene and Oligocene epochs, from 36 MYA to 6 MYA. The family generally includes ruminants with dental traits of both the Tragulina and Pecora, making it a notorious wastebasket taxon with unresolved affinities.

Bugtilemur is an extinct genus of Strepsirhine primate belonging to the adapiform family Ekgmowechashalidae.It is represented by only one species, B. mathesoni, which was found in the Chitarwata Formation of Pakistan.

Chailicyon is an extinct genus in the basal Carnivoramorph family Miacidae that lived in Asia during the Middle to Late Eocene.

Cambaytherium is an extinct genus of placental mammals in the family Cambaytheriidae. It existed during the early Eocene approximately 55 million years ago on the Indian subcontinent. Fossils of Cambaytherium are known exclusively from the Cambay Shale Formation in western India and comprise over 200 specimens, including skulls, teeth, and postcranial elements. The genus and family were first described scientifically in 2005. Initially, placement at the base of the odd-toed ungulates was preferred, though some researchers suggested affinity with elephants within Tethytheria. Recent systematic

Deperetella is an extinct genus of deperetellid perissodactyls from Middle to Late Eocene of Asia. The genus was defined in 1925 by W. D. Matthew and Walter W. Granger, who named it after French paleontologist Charles Depéret. The type species is Deperetella cristata.

Palaeoamasia is an extinct herbivorous paenungulate mammal of the embrithopod order, making it distantly related to elephants, sirenians, and hyraxes. Palaeoamasia fossils have been found in Turkish deposits of the Çeltek Formation, dating to the Ypresian. It has unique bilophodont upper molars, an embrithopod synapomorphy.

Orienspterodon ("eastern Pterodon") is an extinct genus of hyaenodonts from extinct paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae within paraphyletic family Hyainailouridae, that lived from middle to late Eocene in China and Myanmar. Type species O. dahkoensis was originally assigned to genus Pterodon in 1975, but was eventually assigned to its own genus in 2007.

Agerinia is a genus of adapiform primate that lived in Europe during the early Eocene. Fossils have been found in the Grès d'Assignan, Lignites de Soissonais, and Calcare d'Agel Formations of France, the Corçà and Escanilla Formations of Spain and the Kuldana Formation of Pakistan.

Birbalomys is an extinct genus of rodent from Asia.

Bothriodon (Greek: "pit" (botros), "teeth" (odontes)) is an extinct genus of anthracotheriid artiodactyl from the late Eocene to early Oligocene of Asia, Europe, and North America.

Jozaria is an extinct genus of stem perissodactyl from the Early to Middle Eocene of the Kuldana Formation of Kohat, Pakistan. It and other anthracobunids were formerly classified with proboscideans.