Geography of the Middle East

seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent. It corresponds roughly to the territory of modern Iraq. Just beyond it lies southwestern Iran, where the region transitions into the Persian plateau, marking the shift from the Arab world to Iran.

extension of the Indian Ocean

Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Turkish Straits to the northwest, and the Black Sea to the north. The eastern and southeastern limits have been expanded either to the entirety of Asiatic Turkey or to an imprecise line from the Black Sea to the Gulf of Alexandretta. Topographically, the Sea of Marmara connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea through the Bosporus an

geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia, and in some definitions parts of the Balkans

The Levant is a subregion of West Asia along the Eastern Mediterranean that forms part of the Middle East. The term is often used in conjunction with historical or cultural references.

A liberated mountainous region in Israel

desert located in Western Asia

loosely defined region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea

plateau

Galatia (; , Galatía, ) was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir in modern Turkey. Galatia was named after the Gauls from Thrace (cf. Tylis), who settled here and became a small transient foreign tribe in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC.

The Mashriq (; ), also known as the Arab Mashriq (), sometimes spelled Mashreq or Mashrek, is the eastern part of the Arab world, as opposed to the Maghreb (western region), located in West Asia and eastern North Africa. It is the Arabic equivalent for the term Middle East. Poetically the "Place of Sunrise", the name is derived from the verb sharaqa (, "to shine, illuminate, radiate" and "to rise"), from the sh-r-q root (), referring to the east, where the sun rises.

an area located east of the Mediterranean sea

region that is geographically located to the east of the Mediterranean Sea

loose political term introduced in the 2000s

region in the Middle East

crescent-shaped region of the Middle East with higher Shia population; passes through Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, and Bahrain

river

provincial region of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid Islamic caliphates

region between Euphrates and Tigris

geographic and cultural region in Northern Mesopotamia, traditionally inhabited by the Assyrian people

geographic region in the southern Arabian Peninsula

thumb|Historical Klarjeti in the 8th-10th centuries Klarjeti ( ) was a province of ancient and medieval Georgia, which is now part of Turkey's Artvin Province. Klarjeti, the neighboring province of Tao and several other smaller districts, constituted a larger region with shared history and culture conventionally known as Tao-Klarjeti.

division of the Greco-Roman world into eastern Greek and western Latin parts

historical region