Historical regions of Pakistan

Punjab ( ; , ) is a geographical, ethnolinguistic, and historical region in South Asia, located in its northwestern part, comprising areas of modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India. It is primarily inhabited by the Punjabi people. Lahore is its largest city and historic capital, with other major cities including Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Sialkot, Sargodha, and Bahawalpur in Pakistan; alongside Ludhiana, Amritsar, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, Patiala, Mohali, Bathinda, Firozpur, and Fazilka in India.

Gandhara () was an ancient Indo-Aryan civilisation in the Indian subcontinent located in present-day northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. The core of the region of Gandhara was the Valley of Peshawar, though the cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus River to Taxila and westwards into the Kabul Valley as far as Bamyan, and northwards up to the Karakoram range, including Swat, Bajaur and other valleys.

thumb|The Central Makran Range in Pakistan and Iran.

thumb|Map showing Gedrosia in the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great thumb|right|200px|A map of Gedrosia from Munster's edition of Ptolemy's 'Geographia' Gedrosia (; ) is the Hellenized name of the part of coastal Makran in what is now Balochistan. In the accounts about Alexander the Great and his successors, the area referred to as Gedrosia runs from the Indus River to the north-eastern edge of the Strait of Hormuz. It is directly to the south of the provinces of Arachosia and Drangiana, to the east of the province of Carmania, and due west of the Indus which formed a natural boundary bet

thumb|The name for Sattagydia (:Wikt:𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁|𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁, Thataguš) in the [[DNa inscription of Darius I.]] Sattagydia or Thatagush (Old Persian: 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 Thataguš, country of the "hundred cows") was one of the easternmost regions of the Achaemenid Empire, part of its Seventh tax district according to Herodotus, along with Gandārae, Dadicae and Aparytae. It was situated east of the Sulaiman Mountains up to the Indus in the Kurram River basin around Bannu in modern day's southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sattagydia was no longer mentioned by the third century BC, probably having been a

Mughal-era term for a region in South Asia