History of Europe

history of Europe, including the continent and nearby islands

period of European global exploration from early 15th century to 17th century

series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and poleis of the Hellenic world in the fifth century BCE

form of government

aspect of history of Bulgaria

ancient trade route

Germanisation, or Germanization, is the spread of the German language, people, and culture. It was a central idea of German conservative thought in the 19th and the 20th centuries, when conservatism and ethnic nationalism went hand in hand. In linguistics, Germanisation of non-German languages also occurs when they adopt many German words.

biological exchange across Atlantic Ocean

1876–77 conference of the Great Powers

medieval crop rotation

Last major outbreak in western Europe.

revolution

'''''' (, ) refers to the theory in German historiography that considers the German-speaking lands or the country of Germany itself to have followed a course from aristocracy to democracy unlike any other in Europe.

aspect of history

16th-century map-like depiction of the European continent as a queen

semi-official position at court

European-descended people living outside Europe

EU cultural action

1815 alliance between Austria, Prussia, Russia, and the UK

historic period

nationalism for Italy

series of pogroms in 14th century Europe

military expedition into European Scythia by Achaemenid king Darius I in 513 BCE.

tenet in international relations

post-Roman European social class; a formally defined class of governing upper classes found in metropolitan areas (Venice, Florence, Genoa, Amalfi) and Free cities of Germany (Nuremberg, Ravensburg, Augsburg, Konstanz, Lindau, Bern, Basel, Zurich)

title of a sovereign republic in Medieval Europe

Wikimedia list article

historical debate about whether Poland should exist

thumb|The class defined itself more on the basis of education than material possessions and thus great emphasis was laid upon the education of children.

book series

nationalisms

literary work

political movement

1459 treaty between Saxony and Bohemia

relations between countries from 1648 to 1814

Votive crown

sacramental object used to cure rabies

1921 border conflict

raiders from late 1200s to the beginning of the 1600s along the Anglo-Scottish border