History of the Mediterranean

period of ancient Rome following the Republic

Egyptian civilization from the 4th millennium BC

third Islamic caliphate (750–1258)

Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic people who inhabited city-states in Canaan along the Levantine coast of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily in present-day Lebanon and parts of coastal Syria. Their maritime civilization expanded and contracted over time, with its cultural core stretching from Arwad to Mount Carmel. Through trade and colonization, the Phoenicians extended their influence across the Mediterranean, from Cyprus to the Iberian Peninsula, leaving behind thousands of inscriptions.

right|thumb|Sphinx Gate entrance to the city thumb|The Great Temple in the inner city of Hattusa

former state (697–1797) controlling, at various times, parts of northeastern Italy, the Balkans, and Mediterranean islands

age of the ancient Greeks and Romans

second Islamic caliphate (661–750 CE)

crescent-shaped geographic region of the Middle-East, containing the moist and fertile land of Western Asia, and the Nile Valley and Nile Delta of northeast Africa

Shia Islamic caliphate (909–1171)

medieval and early modern maritime republic from (1005-1797)

historical process in 7th–8th centuries CE

purported historical ethnic group

Phoenician city-state and empire

period of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages

history of the European country of Malta

locations where civilization emerged

aspect of history

agreement regulating naval vessels in the Turkish Straits

group of city-states, mostly in Italy, prosperous in the Middle ages

major theatre of operations during the Second World War

thumb|right|alt=Palaeogeographical reorganization of the Tethys–Paratethys region during the Paleogene, from a connected Tethys configuration during the early Eocene (above) to a fragmented and restricted Paratethys region configuration during the Oligocene (below).|Palaeogeographical reorganization of the Tethys–Paratethys region during the Paleogene, from a connected Tethys configuration during the early [[Eocene (above) to a fragmented and restricted Paratethys region configuration during the Oligocene (below). Note the loss of deep-water connections between the Indian Ocean region and the

archaeological culture

lingua franca of the Mediterranean Basin between the 11th and 19th centuries

Roman policy about owning the Mediterranean Sea

desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea during the end of the Messinian Age

regions historically influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the ancient Greeks and Romans

administrative division of the late Roman Empire (324-584 CE)

involvement of Italy in World War II

aspect of history

theoretical refilling of the Mediterranean Sea between the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs

aspect of history

Bricha (), also called the Bericha Movement, was the underground organized effort that helped Jewish Holocaust survivors settle in British Mandate for Palestine in violation of the White Paper of 1939. It ended when Israel declared independence and annulled the White Paper.

atmospheric explosion above the Mediterranean Sea, caused by small asteroid

failed French military campaign led by Napoleon Bonaparte to support the Sultanate of Mysore against Britain

generic term used for all pirates of the Mediterranean Sea in the 1st and 2nd century BC

treaty

museum in Birgu, Malta

conflict

study of the historical development of North Africa

ancient Roman periplus

Research institute of the University of Warsaw

DNA study of the Middle East inhabitants

aspect of history

conflict between the Roman Republic and Cilician pirates

Independent state existed from 1225 to 1336

phoenician colonization in North Africa