Instrumental analysis

thumb|A crystalline solid: atomic resolution image of strontium titanate. Brighter spots are columns of [[strontium atoms and darker ones are titanium-oxygen columns.]] thumb|Octahedral and tetrahedral interstitial sites in a face centered cubic structure thumb|Kikuchi lines (physics)|Kikuchi lines in an [[electron backscatter diffraction pattern of monocrystalline silicon, taken at 20 kV with a field-emission electron source]]

thumb|300px|1. Illustration of electrophoresis thumb|300px|2. Illustration of electrophoresis retardation

Study of analytes using scientific instruments