Instruments of Turkish makam music

The oud ( ; , ) is a Middle Eastern short-neck lute-type, pear-shaped, fretless stringed instrument (a chordophone in the Hornbostel–Sachs classification of instruments), usually with 11 strings grouped in six courses, but some models have five or seven courses, with 10 or 13 strings respectively.

Middle-Eastern stringed instrument

The bendir (, ; : , ) is a wooden-framed frame drum of North Africa and Southwest Asia.

The cümbüş (; ) is a Turkish stringed instrument of relatively modern origin. It was developed in 1930 by Zeynel Abidin Cümbüş as an oud-like instrument that could be heard as part of a larger ensemble.

thumb|right|250px|Ottoman miniature|Miniature of an Ottoman çeng The çeng is a Turkish harp. It was a popular Ottoman instrument until the last quarter of the 17th century.

reed flute

The lavta is a plucked string music instrument from Istanbul.

pear-shaped stringed instrument played with a bow, from Asia Minor