Jewish courts and civil law

thumb|The Sanhedrin, from an 1883 encyclopedia

year at the end of seven cycles of shmita (Sabbatical years)

religious conversion of non-Jews to become members of the Jewish religion and Jewish ethnoreligious community

highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community

Proselyte is the anglicized form of the Greek word ( or 'newcomer'). In the Septuagint, the classical Greek translation of the Tanakh, the term refers to someone born outside of the Jewish community who relocates to the Land of Israel and adopts, either fully or partially, the observance of () and practice of Judaism. The term is itself a translation of (), a rabbinic designation found in the Mishnah and Talmud for a non‑Jewish resident who accepts certain commandments and protections of the Jewish community; it is distinct from a full convert (). The term also has the more general meaning in

Six Levitical towns in the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judah in which the perpetrators of accidental manslaughter could claim the right of asylum

thumb|upright|An eruv pole and wire outside the Tower of David, [[Jerusalem. Only the higher of the two visible wires is used by the eruv.]]

Tractate of the Talmud

Nezikin ( Neziqin, "Damages") or Seder Nezikin (, "The Order of Damages") is the fourth Order of the Mishna (also the Tosefta and Talmud). It deals largely with Jewish criminal and civil law and the Jewish court system.

tractate of the Talmud

Tractate of the Talmud and the Mishnah.

Semikhah () is the traditional term for rabbinic ordination in Judaism.

thumb|Engraving of makkot (1657) Makkot () is a tractate of the Mishnah and Talmud. It is the fifth volume of the order of Nezikin. Makkot deals primarily with laws of the beth din (halakhic courts) and the punishments which they may administer and may be regarded as a continuation of tractate Sanhedrin, of which it originally formed part.

Tractate of the Talmud

'''Shevu'ot or Shevuot''' (Hebrew: שבועות, "Oaths") is a book of the Mishnah and Talmud. It is the sixth volume of the book of Nezikin. Shevu'ot deals primarily with the laws of oaths in halakha (Jewish law).

assembly of Jewish sages

Aspects of halakha that are relevant to non-religious or secular law.

Jewish high court

five sisters mentioned in the Hebrew Bible

the nearest relative of another is charged with the duty of restoring the rights of another and avenging his wrongs

Jewish laws on capital punishment

non-Jew living in the Land of Israel who agrees to be bound by the Seven Laws of Noah

Jewish law on financial transactions

judge in a Jewish religious court

second-highest-ranking member of the Sanhedrin during the Second Temple period

Courts adjudicating personal status according to Jewish law