Medieval history of Palestine

first caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (632–661)

medieval Christian kingdom in the Middle East

Kurdish dynasty from 1171 to 1341

state in Egypt, Hejaz and the Levant (1250–1517)

Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari (; 1223/1228 – 30 June 1277), commonly known as Baibars or Baybars () and nicknamed Abu al-Futuh (, ), was the fourth Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria, of Turkic Kipchak origin, in the Bahri dynasty, succeeding Qutuz. He was one of the commanders of the Muslim forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France. He also led the vanguard of the Mamluk army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260, which marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army that is considered a turning point in history.

1260 battle between the Egyptian Sultanate and the Mongol Empire

Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr, commonly known by the nisba al-Maqdisi or al-Muqaddasī,, meaning Jerusalemite, was a medieval Arab geographer, author of The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Regions and Description of Syria (Including Palestine).

7th-century battle in the Levant

1260–1300 raids

provincial region of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid Islamic caliphates

Burji Mamluk sultan (1380-1461)

mosque in Ramla, Israel

epidemic in 7th century Syria

Islamic Sahaba

one of the military districts of the Ummayad and Abbasid Caliphate province of Bilad al-Sham

Tribal rivalry in the Arabia

thumb|right|300px|The district of Al-Sharat in Wiktionary:circa|circa 985 shown in the southern part of the province of [[Bilad al-Sham]]

early Muslim commander

Arab scholar