Medieval history of Ukraine

former federation of East Slavic tribes

Eastern European monarchical state that existed from 1236 to 1795

alliance of various Eurasian nomads – 6th to 9th centuries

The Cumans or Kumans were a Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language. They are referred to as Polovtsians (Polovtsy) in Rus' chronicles, as "Cumans" in Western sources, and as "Kipchaks" in Eastern sources.

9th-century Slavic state

632–668 nomadic empire in Eastern Europe

The name Cumania originated as the Latin exonym for the Cuman–Kipchak confederation, which was a tribal confederation in the western part of the Eurasian Steppe, between the 10th and 13th centuries. The confederation was dominated by two Turkic nomadic tribes: the Cumans (also known as the Polovtsians or Folban) and the Kipchaks. Cumania was known in Islamic sources as Dasht-i Qipchaq (دشت قپچاق) which means "Steppe of the Kipchaks" or "Kipchak Plains" in Persian, and al-Qumāniyīn (القمانيين) which means "The Cumans" or "The Cuman people" in Arabic. Russian sources have referred to Cumania as

Early Slavs people inhabiting parts of Eastern Europe in the Early Middle Ages

hypothetical 8th–9th century polity in Eastern Europe

Eastern Slavic ethnic group

thumb|200px|European territory inhabited by East Slavic tribes in 8th and 9th century. The Severians, also Severyans, Siverians, or Siverianians (; ; ; ) were a tribe or tribal confederation of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper River and southeast of the Danube River. They are mentioned by the Bavarian Geographer (9th century), Emperor Constantine VII (956–959), the Khazar ruler Joseph (c. 955), and in the Primary Chronicle (1113).

thumb|right|The range of Slavic ceramics of the Penkovka culture|Prague-Penkovka culture marked in black, and presumed location of three Early Medieval tribes of Dulebes in Central and Eastern Europe, per V.V. Sedov (1979). thumb|The presumed location of Dulebes (green) in present-day Czech Republic during the 10th century per abandoned hypothesis about the Czech tribes. The Dulebes, Dulebs, Dudlebi or Dulibyh () were one of the tribal unions of Early Slavs between the 6th and the 10th centuries. According to medieval sources they lived in Western Volhynia, as well as southern parts of the Duc

ethnic group

second civil conflict between Jogaila, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his cousin Vytautas.

17th-century chronicle

right|thumb|The range of Saltovo-Mayaki culture marked in green. thumb|Saltovo-Mayaki belt decorations. thumb|Saltovo-Mayaki pottery. Saltovo-Mayaki, also known as Saltovo-Majaki or simply Saltiv, is the name given by archaeologists to the early medieval culture of the Pontic steppe region roughly between the Don and the Dnieper Rivers, flourishing roughly between the years of 700 and 950. The culture's type sites are Mayatskoye (aka Mayaki) near the Don and Verkhnii Saltiv by the Donets.

The Brodnici (, ) were a tribe of disputed origin.

Archaeological culture in eastern Europe