Military of ancient Rome

Roman military unit

terrestrial forces of Roman governments

thumb|300px|Roman auxiliary infantry crossing a river, probably the Danube, on a [[pontoon bridge during the emperor Trajan's Dacian Wars (101–106 AD). They can be distinguished by the oval shield (clipeus) they were equipped with, in contrast to the rectangular scutum carried by legionaries. Panel from Trajan's Column, Rome]] The '''''' (, ) were introduced as non-citizen troops attached to the citizen legions by Augustus after his reorganisation of the Imperial Roman army from 27 BC. By the 2nd century, the contained the same number of infantry as the legions and, in addition, provided

Roman emperors who seized power through command of an army

historical military organization

ceremony of an emperor's formal arrival at a city

In ancient Roman religion, the devotio was an extreme form of votum in which a Roman general vowed to sacrifice his own life in battle along with the enemy to chthonic gods in exchange for a victory. The most extended description of the ritual is given by the Augustan historian Livy, regarding the self-sacrifice of Decius Mus. The English word "devotion" derives from the Latin.

ancient warrior

armed forces of ancient Rome

remains of a Roman port near Naples, Italy

Evolution of ancient Rome's armed forces

thumb|290px|Matilo's location in Leiden thumb|Map of the coast in Roman times superimposed on South Holland today, showing Matilo's location Matilo or Matilone was once a Roman fort (castellum) in modern-day Leiden. Positioned on the southern banks of the Oude Rijn, it served to protect the Roman borders in the province of Germania Inferior (Limes Germanicus). On the Peutinger map, it lies between the encampments of Albaniana (Alphen aan den Rijn) and Praetorium Agrippinae (Valkenburg). The seventh-century Ravenna Cosmography cites the name in the accusative case as Matellionem.

praetorium in Germania Inferior, Roman Empire

(), the plural form of (), was a term used in the late Roman Empire to denote communities of ("barbarians"), i.e. foreigners, or people from outside the Empire, permitted to settle on, and granted land in, imperial territory on condition that they provide recruits for the Roman military. The term is of uncertain origin. It means "lucky" or "happy" in Latin, but may derive from a non-Latin word. It may derive from a Germanic word meaning "serf" or "half-free colonist". Other authorities suggest the term was of Celtic or Iranian origin.

In Ancient Rome, a decury (Latin decuria, plural: decuriae) was a group of ten people, ranged under one chief, or commander, called a decurio.

Armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic

former Roman fort in The Netherlands

generic Roman fortification

deployment, formation, and manoeuvres of the Roman infantry

pay in the Roman army

tournaments performed by the cavalry of the Roman Empire

Roman fortress in Eastern Europe

Latin term signifying a honourable discharge

Roman fort on the Caelian Hill in Rome

Roman auxiliary cavalry unit based in Germania

thumb|right|The Augustus of Prima Porta is an example of an adlocutio pose.

Roman Empire from about 30 BC to 476 AD

Roman auxiliary cohort based in Britannia

Roman auxiliary cohort, part-mounted, based in Illyricum and Pannonia

Roman auxiliary cohort, part-mounted

Roman auxiliary cohort, part-mounted

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historical calendar of religious observances