Musar movement

thumb|A Roadside Sermon by John Pettie

19th century Orthodox Jewish Lithuanian movement

Lithuanian rabbi (1810–1883)

Lithuanian rabbi (1849–1927)

A nigun (, 'tune' or 'melody'; pl. nigunim) or niggun (pl. niggunim) is a form of Ashkenazi Jewish vocal music sung in group settings. Nigunim are melodic tunes, often using repetitive non-lexical vocables such as "bim-bim-bam", "lai-lai-lai", "yai-yai-yai", or "ai-ai-ai" rather than with formal lyrics. Sometimes, a nigun is expressed as a mystical musical form of Jewish prayer or glossolalia. Hebrew Biblical verses or quotes from other classical Jewish texts are sometimes sung repetitively to form a nigun. Some nigunim are sung as prayers of lament, while others may be joyous or victorious in

former yeshiva in Vilijampolė, Lithuania

branch of the Slabodka Yeshiva in Hebron, relocated afterward to Jerusalem

Lithuanian rabbi

Polish rabbi (1884–1966)

Jewish ethical works emphasizing virtue

Talmudical and philosophical formation center

Lithuanian rabbi (1902–1979)

one of the foremost students of Rabbi Israel Salanter

Imperial Russian rabbi

Polish rabbi

mashgiach of Beth Medrash Govoha

Israeli rabbi

rabbi