Muslims of the Crusades

The Artuqid dynasty (alternatively Artukid, Ortoqid, or Ortokid; Old Anatolian Turkish: , , pl. ) was established in 1102 as a Turkish principality of the Seljuk Empire. It formed a Turkoman dynasty rooted in the Oghuz Döger tribe, and followed the Sunni Muslim faith. It ruled in Northern Syria and Upper Mesopotamia in the eleventh through thirteenth centuries. The Artuqid dynasty took its name from its founder, Artuk Bey, who was a member of Döger branch of the Oghuz Turks and ruled one of the Turkmen principalities of the Seljuk Empire. Artuk's sons and descendants ruled the three branches i

Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Yūsuf ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ (; 1151–1171), better known by his regnal name al-ʿĀḍid li-Dīn Allāh (), was the fourteenth and last caliph of the Fatimid dynasty, and the twenty-fourth imam of the Hafizi Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam, reigning from 1160 to 1171.

Sultan of Egypt and Syria (r. 1290–1293)

Arabic poet

Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt 1171-1198

Asad ad-Dīn Shīrkūh bin Shādhī (; ), (died 23 March 1169) was a Kurdish mercenary commander in service of the Zengid dynasty, then the Fatimid Caliphate and uncle of Saladin. His military and diplomatic efforts in Egypt were a key factor in establishing the Ayyubid dynasty in that country.

Sultan of Egypt from 1293 to 1294

Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt 1238–1240

Fatimid caliph and imam (1096–1130)

thumb|200px|Dominion of Bahri Mamluks ( red ) Lajin (), full royal name al-Malik al-Mansur Hussam al-Din Lajin al-Mansuri (; d. January 16, 1299, Cairo) was a Mamluk sultan of Egypt from 1296 to 1299.

leader of the Syrian wing of the Hashshashin sect and figure in the history of the Crusades

thumb|Shawar receives messengers from King Amalric '''Shawar ibn Mujir al-Sa'di' (; died 18 January 1169) was the de facto'' ruler of Fatimid Egypt, as its vizier, from December 1162 until his assassination in 1169 by the general Shirkuh, the uncle of the future Ayyubid leader Saladin, with whom he was engaged in a three-way power struggle against the Crusader Amalric I of Jerusalem. Shawar was notorious for continually switching alliances, allying first with one side, and then the other, and even ordering the burning of his own capital city, Fustat, just so that the enemy could not have it.

Zahir al-Din Toghtekin or Tughtekin (; died February 12, 1128), also spelled Tughtegin, was a Turkoman military leader, who was emir of Damascus from 1104 to 1128. He was the founder of the Burid dynasty of Damascus.

Ayyubid emir of Aleppo from 1193 to 1216

Zengid Emir of Mosul

Ruler of Damascus

Gökböri (13 April 115428 June 1233) or Muzaffar ad-Din Gökböri, was a leading emir and general of Sultan Saladin (Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb), and ruler of Erbil. He served both the Zengid and Ayyubid rulers of Syria and Egypt. He played a pivotal role in Saladin's conquest of Northern Syria and the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and later held major commands in a number of battles against the Crusader states and the forces of the Third Crusade. He was known as Manafaradin, a corruption of his principal praise name, to the Franks of the Crusader states.

secretary and chief counsellor to Saladin (1135–1200)

Vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate

'''Abu'l-Ashbāl al-Ḍirghām ibn ʿĀmir ibn Sawwār al-Lukhamī''' () () was an Arab military commander in the service of the Fatimid Caliphate. An excellent warrior and model cavalier, he rose to higher command and scored some successes against the Kingdom of Jerusalem as well as against internal rebellions. Despite his close personal ties to the viziers Tala'i ibn Ruzzik and his son Ruzzik ibn Tala'i, he joined Shawar when the latter rebelled against Ruzzik and seized the vizierate. Nine months later, Dirgham betrayed Shawar as well and expelled him from the capital, becoming vizier himself on 31

12th-century Fatimid military commander

12th-century Fatimid vizier

Vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1153–54

Artuqid ruler of Mardin, Turkey (1122–1154)

emir (or lord) of Hamadan (died c. 1116)

Artuqid ruler of Mardin, Turkey (1152–1176)

Fatimid vizier from 1161 to 1163

Ayyubid emir of Homs 1179–1186

Turkish adventurer who was atabeg of Mosul from 1106 to 1109