Philippine–American War

armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States

self-proclaimed independent republic, 1899–1901

The Katipunan (), officially known as the ' (; ) and abbreviated as the KKK', was a revolutionary organization founded in 1892 by a group of Filipino nationalists Deodato Arellano, Andrés Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Ladislao Diwa, José Dizon, and Teodoro Plata. Its primary objective was achieving independence from the Spanish Empire through an armed revolution. It was formed as a secret society before its eventual discovery by Spanish authorities in August 1896. This discovery led to the start of the Philippine Revolution.

29th quadrennial U.S. presidential election

poem by the English poet Rudyard Kipling

revolver cartridge designed by Smith & Wesson

1898 naval battle

proclamation of independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain

large cutting tool of Filipino origin

two separate revolutionary governments in the history of the Philippines

political organization established in response to the Spanish–American War

Church bells that had been taken by the United States Army from the Philippines

thumb|250px|Two Malay rentaka

Juramentado, in Philippine history, refers to a male Moro swordsman (from the Tausug people of the Sulu Archipelago) who attacked and killed occupying and invading police and soldiers, expecting to be killed himself. This was undertaken as a form of jihad or martyrdom. Unlike an amok, who commits acts of random violence against Muslims and non-Muslims alike, a juramentado was a dedicated, premeditated, and sometimes highly skilled warrior who prepared himself through a ritual of binding, shaving, and prayer in order to accomplish brazen attacks armed only with edged weapons.

United States military medal

thumb|Spanish officer wearing the summer rayadillo uniform during the 1909 Second Melillan campaign