Philosophy of psychology

Behaviorism is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. It assumes that behavior is either a reflex elicited by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli. Although behaviorists generally accept the important role of heredity in determining behavior, deriving from Skinner's two levels of selection (phylogeny and ontogeny), they focus primarily o

advanced emotion, subjective experience of total involvement of the subject, with an object of their awareness

Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. In psychology, the process of introspection relies on the observation of one's mental state, while in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul. Introspection is closely related to human self-reflection and self-discovery and is contrasted with external observation.

thumb|right|300px|The intellect comprises the rational and the [[logical aspects of the human mind.]]

Intentionality is the mental ability to refer to or represent something. Sometimes regarded as the mark of the mental, it is found in mental states like perceptions, beliefs or desires. For example, the perception of a tree has intentionality because it represents a tree to the perceiver. A central issue for theories of intentionality has been the problem of intentional inexistence: to determine the ontological status of the entities which are the objects of intentional states.

theoretical psychological framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s

theoretical foundations of modern psychology

philosophical theory of mind that the senses provide us with direct awareness of objects as they really are

explanation of people in terms of mental states

Neurophilosophy, or the philosophy of neuroscience, is the interdisciplinary study of neuroscience and philosophy that explores the relevance of neuroscientific studies to the arguments traditionally categorized as philosophy of mind. Recent scientific discourse elucidates the distinction between "neurophilosophy" and "philosophy of neuroscience".

thumb|right|260px|Freud's soul model, referring to his rider-horse parable: the human head symbolises the ego, the animal the id. Similarly, the dynamics of the libido (drive energy) branches out from the id into two main areas: the mental urge to know and the bodily urge to act. Both are bundled into action by the ego with the aim of satisfying the id's basic needs. This includes perception and judgement of the external reality and leads to experiences that the superego internalises via neuronal imprinting. Moral education gives the superego its function as our 'conscience'; generally speakin

psychological study of subjective experience

domain of psychology concerned with foundational, metapsychological, and philosophical questions in psychology

basic distinction in philosophy

Enactivism is a position in cognitive science that argues that cognition arises through interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that the environment of an organism is brought about, or enacted, by the active exercise of that organism's sensorimotor processes. "The key point, then, is that the species brings forth and specifies its own domain of problems ...this domain does not exist "out there" in an environment that acts as a landing pad for organisms that somehow drop or parachute into the world. Instead, living beings and their environments stand in relation to

learning through egalitarian dialogue

once-antagonistic term for the study of mental perception and thought processes

1952–1980 seminars in Paris