Political and cultural purges

thumb|upright=1.7|A 19th-century depiction of Galileo Galilei before the Holy Office, by [[Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury]]

' ( ) or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s)' (, ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's (SA) and (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the Hitler Youth and German civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938. The German authorities looked on without intervening. The euphemistic name comes from the shards of broken glass that littered the streets after the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues were smashed. The pretext for the attacks was the assassination, on 9 November 1938, of the German dipl

Soviet mass murder of ca. 22,000 Poles in several parts of European Russia, including in the Katyn forest, which became a pars pro toto name for the whole massacre

Soviet campaign of political repression, imprisonment, and execution (August 1936 - March 1938)

McCarthyism is a political practice defined by the political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a campaign spreading fear of communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage in the United States during the late 1940s through the 1950s, heavily associated with the Second Red Scare, also known as the McCarthy era. After the mid-1950s, U.S. senator Joseph McCarthy, who had spearheaded the campaign, gradually lost his public popularity and credibility after several of his accusations were found to be false. The U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Just

Denazification () was an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary, and politics of the Nazi ideology following the Second World War. It was carried out by removing those who had been Nazi Party or SS members from positions of power and influence, by disbanding or rendering impotent the organizations associated with Nazism, and by trying prominent Nazis for war crimes in the Nuremberg trials of 1946. The program of denazification was launched after the end of the war and was solidified by the Potsdam Agreement in August 1945. The term, in the hyph

De-Stalinization () comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and the thaw brought about by ascension of Nikita Khrushchev to power, and his 1956 secret speech "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", which denounced Stalin's cult of personality and the Stalinist political system.

series of anti-communist, anti-dissent campaigns in South America

thumb|upright=1.4|Oprichniki, by Nikolai Nevrev, shows the mock coronation of [[Ivan Fyodorov-Chelyadnin (enthroned) accused of conspiracy, before his execution. The man with the knife is Ivan the Terrible himself: according to Alexander Guagnini, Ivan stabbed Fyodorov-Chelyadnin in the heart and the oprichniks finished the victim off.]]

massacre

purposeful destruction of the culture and value system of an ethnic group

statement and provocative poem attributed to pastor Martin Niemöller

process of decommunization in Ukraine

thumb|One of the manifestations of decommunization has been Street name controversy|renaming streets. Before 2017, ulica Anny German in [[Poznań (Anna German Street) was named in honor of Julian Leński.]]

Dekulakization (; ) was a campaign of repression in the Soviet Union directed against so-called kulaks, a loosely defined category of supposedly wealthy or exploitative peasants. The campaign involved mass arrests, executions, expropriation of property, and deportations of entire households to remote and inhospitable regions.

widespread struggle in many central-western Mexican states from 1926 to 1929

thumb|The Proscribed Royalist, 1651, painted by [[John Everett Millais c. 1853, in which a Puritan woman hides a fleeing Royalist proscript in the hollow of a tree]]

any of several events where widespread fear of communism or leftism develops

event that occurred in ancient China

thumb|Lustration map of Europe, with green representing some form of lustration; pink no lustration; and grey not a former Warsaw Pact member Lustration in Central and Eastern Europe is the official public procedure of scrutinizing a public official or a candidate for public office in terms of their history as a witting confidential collaborator (informant) of relevant former communist secret police, an activity widely condemned by the public opinion of those states as morally corrupt due to its essential role in suppressing political opposition and enabling persecution of dissidents. Surfacin

1933 decree in Nazi Germany that abolished key civil liberties for citizens

series of three trials held in the Soviet Union at the instigation of Joseph Stalin between 1936 and 1938 against so-called Trotskyists and members of Right Opposition of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

12 September 1980 government coup in Turkey

large scale political, state-sponsored killings in Indonesia between 30th September 1965, into 1966

Instrument of judicial murder in Nazi Germany

thumb|Russian Count Nikolay Yevdokimov, who organized the extermination campaigns of "[[Tsitsekun", designated Russian military operations targeting Circassian natives by the term ochishchenie ("cleansing").]] In history, religion and political science, a purge is a position removal or execution of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, another, their team leaders, or society as a whole. A group undertaking such an effort is labeled as purging itself.

crime in Yugoslavia at the end of World War II

mid-20th century banning of people from American entertainment for suspected Communism

generation of Ukrainian writers and artists executed or repressed under Stalinism

series of criminal cases in the Soviet Union

1950s antisemitic campaign by Stalin in the Soviet Union

1924 failed insurrection against Soviet rule in the Georgian SSR

Soviet cultural doctrine developed by Central Committee secretary Andrei Zhdanov in 1946 that proposed the world was divided into two camps: the "imperialistic", headed by the United States; and "democratic", headed by the Soviet Union

Chinese political campaign under Mao Zedong

mass arrests and executions of members of the Chinese Communist Party and some leftists of the Kuomintang by the Nationalist government (1927-1928)

mass deportation by the Soviet Union of tens of thousands of people from the occupied Baltic states, occupied Poland, and Moldavia

Hungary's two-year period (1919-1921) of repressive violence by counter-revolutionary soldiers, carried out to crush any opposition supportive of short-lived Soviet republic and its Red Terror

Democide, or populicide, refers to "the intentional killing of an unarmed or disarmed person by government agents acting in their authoritative capacity and pursuant to government policy or high command". The term, coined by Holocaust historian and statistics expert R. J. Rummel in his book Death by Government, has been described by renowned Holocaust historian Yehuda Bauer as a better term than genocide to refer to certain types of mass killing. According to Rummel, this definition covers a wide range of deaths, including forced labor and concentration camp victims, extrajudicial summary kill

Taiwan martial law and suppression period

part of Armenian Genocide

series of purges by the Government of Turkey in reaction to the July 15th, 2016 failed coup d'état

extrajudicial mass killings of Italian and other local populations in Istria and Dalmatia during and after the Second World War

use of coercion against citizens by the Marxist-Leninist Eurasian state

Chinese reform movement led by Mao Zedong

period of ethnic violence in Rwanda (1959–1961)

Soviet show trial

organized communist killing of large numbers of non-combatants

term used to talk about the repression in the republican zone during the Spanish Civil War

systematic purge

early 20th-century American historical event

1858-60 removal of internal opposition in Tokugawa Japan

purge in the Soviet Union

ethnic cleansing of Romanians under Soviet Union’s illegal occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina of Romania

a mass arrest campaign by Saudi Government

in Ethiopia

Event in second English Civil War

internet block of Wikipedia in Venezuela of 2019

1938 trial during the Soviet Great Purge

antisemitic show trial

Chinese campaign led by Mao Zedong