Populated places established in the 12th century

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents within the city limits, over 19.1 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in its metropolitan area. The city covers an area of , while the urban area covers , and the metropolitan area covers over . Moscow is among the world's largest cities, being the most populous city entirely in Europe, the largest urban and metropolitan area in Europe, and the largest city by land area on the European continent.

Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon: Dräsdn; , ) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth largest by area (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Cologne), and the third-most populous city in the area of former East Germany, after Berlin and Leipzig. Dresden's urban area comprises the towns of Freital, Pirna, Radebeul, Meissen, Coswig, Radeberg, and Heidenau and has around 790,000 inhabitants. The Dresden metropolitan area has over 1.3 million inhabitants.

large city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Schwerin () is the capital and second-largest city of the northeastern German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern as well as of the region of Mecklenburg, after Rostock. It has around 96,000 inhabitants, and is thus the least populous of all German state capitals.

Vitoria-Gasteiz (; ; also historically spelled Vittoria in English) is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country and of the province of Álava in northern Spain. It holds the autonomous community's House of Parliament, the headquarters of the Government, and the Lehendakari's (Prime Minister's) official residency. The municipality—which comprises not only the city but also the mainly agricultural lands of 63 villages around—is the largest in the Basque Country, with a total area of . With a population of 260,402 as of 2025, it is also the 2nd most populous city in the Ba

Sibiu ( , , , Hungarian: Nagyszeben, , Transylvanian Saxon: Härmeschtat or Hermestatt) is a city in central Romania, situated in the historical region of Transylvania. Located some north-west of Bucharest, the city straddles the Cibin River, a tributary of the Olt River. Now the seat of Sibiu County, between 1692 and 1791 and 1849–65, Sibiu was the capital of the Principality of Transylvania. Until 1876, the Hecht house in Sibiu served as the seat of the Transylvanian Saxon University.

Swansea ( ; ) is a port and coastal city and the second-largest city of Wales. It forms a principal area, officially known as the City and County of Swansea ().

Bayreuth ( or ; Upper Franconian: Bareid, ) is a town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtel Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,148 (2015). It hosts the annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.

capital city of the Isle of Man

Kalmar (, , ) is a city in the southeast of Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. It had 41,388 inhabitants in 2020 and is the seat of Kalmar Municipality. It is also the capital of Kalmar County, which comprises 12 municipalities with a total of 236,399 inhabitants (2015). Kalmar is the third largest urban area in the province and cultural region of Småland.

' or ' is the capital of the Swiss canton of Fribourg and district of La Sarine. Located on both sides of the river Saane/Sarine, on the Swiss Plateau, it is a major economic, administrative and educational centre on the cultural border between German-speaking and French-speaking Switzerland. Its Old City, one of the best-maintained in Switzerland, sits on a small rocky hill above the valley of the Sarine. In 2018, it had a population of 38,365.

Truro (; ) is a cathedral city and civil parish in Cornwall, England. It is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom, and lies west-south-west of London. It is Cornwall's county town, only city, and a centre for administration, leisure and shopping. At the 2021 census the population of the parish was 21,046 and the population of the built up area as defined by the Office for National Statistics (which included the Gloweth and Treliske areas in the neighbouring parish of Kenwyn) was 23,060.

thumb|260px|City Hall Remscheid () is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is, after Wuppertal and Solingen, the third-largest municipality in Bergisches Land, being located on the northern edge of the region, on the south side of the Ruhr area.

Kolomna (, ) is a historic city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, situated at the confluence of the Moskva and Oka Rivers, (by rail) southeast of Moscow. Population:

Greifswald (; ), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald () is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. In 2021 it surpassed Stralsund for the first time, and became the largest city in the Pomeranian part of the state. It sits on the River Ryck, at its mouth into the Danish Wiek, a sub-bay of the Bay of Greifswald, which is itself a sub-bay of the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea.

thumb|Hops hall, Hagenau Haguenau (; or ; ; historical ) is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department of France, of which it is a sub-prefecture.

Sighișoara (; ; ; Transylvanian Saxon: Schäsbrich, Šesburχ, or Scheeßprich; ; or ) is a city on the Târnava Mare River in Mureș County, central Romania. Located in the historic region of Transylvania, Sighișoara had a population of 23,927 according to the 2021 census. It is a popular tourist destination for its well-preserved old town, which is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site since 1999. The town administers seven villages: Angofa, Aurel Vlaicu, Hetiur, Rora, Șoromiclea, Venchi, and Viilor.

Plauen (; ; ) is a town in Saxony, Germany with a population of around 65,000. It is Saxony's 5th most populated city after Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Zwickau, the second-largest city of the Vogtland after Gera, as well as the largest city in the Saxon Vogtland region (Sächsisches Vogtland).

town in Germany

Żagań (French and , ) is a town in western Poland, on the Bóbr river, with 23,136 inhabitants (2024), and the capital of Żagań County in the Lubusz Voivodeship, located in the historic region of Lower Silesia.

Qiqihar (also spelled Tsitsihar) is the second-largest city in the Heilongjiang province of China, in the west central part of the province. The built-up (or metro) area made up of Longsha, Tiefeng and Jianhua districts had 959,787 inhabitants, while the total population of the prefecture-level city was shrinking to 4,067,489 as of the 2020 census (5,367,003 as of 2010). In 2024, the total registered population of the city will be 5.06 million. Among them, the rural population is 3.165 million. These are mainly Han Chinese, though the city is also home to thirty-four minorities including Manch

Mondovì (; , ) is a town and comune (township) in Piedmont, northern Italy, about from Turin. The area around it is known as the Monregalese.

Dmitrov () is a town and the administrative center of Dmitrovsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located to the north of Moscow on the Yakhroma River and the Moscow Canal. Population:

Newry (; ) is a city in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye River in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.

Lubin (; ) is a city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Lubin County, and also of the rural district called Gmina Lubin, although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town forms a separate urban gmina. As of 2021, the city had a total population of 70,815.

thumb|alt=Map of Dundalk |Map of Dundalk thumb|alt=Area of Dundalk Municipal District |Area of Dundalk Municipal District Dundalk ( ; ) is the county town of County Louth in the province of Leinster, Ireland. The town is situated on the Castletown River, which flows into Dundalk Bay on the east coast of Ireland, and is halfway between Dublin and Belfast, south of the border between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. It is surrounded by several townlands and villages that form the wider Dundalk Municipal District.

commune in Manche, France

Italian comune

Zittau (; ; ; ; ; Upper Lusatian dialect: Sitte) is the southeasternmost city in the German state of Saxony, and belongs to the district of Görlitz, Germany's easternmost district.

city in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine

Polino is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Terni in the Italian region Umbria, located about 70 km southeast of Perugia and about 15 km east of Terni. As of 2025, it had a population of 220.

Orzinuovi (; Brescian: ) is a town and comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy.

the historical core of Baku, World Heritage Site

right|thumb|280px|Weser watershed with Rinteln (left center)

municipality in Braga, Portugal

thumb|Welcome to Akure, Ondo State Akure is a city in south-western Nigeria. It is the capital and largest city of Ondo State. The city had a population of 403,000 as of the 2006 population census. Its current population is estimated at 774,000.

town in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Olonets (; ; ) is a town and the administrative center of Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the Olonka River to the east of Lake Ladoga.

Camprodon (; from Camp Rodó "Round Field", ultimately from Latin Campus Rotundus) is a small town in the comarca of Ripollès in Girona, Catalonia, Spain, located in the Pyrenees, near the French border.

Besigheim () is a municipality in the district of Ludwigsburg in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

Sorø () is a town in Sorø municipality on the island of Zealand in east Denmark with a population of 8,433 (2025). It lies on the northeastern shore of Sorø Lake. The municipal council and the regional council are located in Sorø.

Bytów (; ; ) is a town in the Gdańsk Pomerania region of northern Poland with 16,730 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Bytów County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

city of Poland

Ueckermünde () is a seaport town in northeast Germany, located in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald, Western Pomerania, near Germany's border with Poland's Police County.

Verneuil-sur-Avre (, literally Verneuil on Avre) is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Verneuil d'Avre et d'Iton.

Ardakan () is a city in the Central District of Ardakan County, Yazd province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

municipal seat of Tequixquiac, State of México, Mexico

Karksi-Nuia (before 1987 Nuia; ) is a town in Mulgi Parish, Viljandi County, southern Estonia close to the Latvian border. The nearest villages are Univere to the west, Polli and Karksi to the north, and Kõvaküla to the south.

Rzhyshchiv (, ; ; , also known by several alternative names; ) is a small city in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Rzhyshchiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: It is situated on Leglych river.

Dastakert () is a village in the Sisian Municipality of the Syunik Province in Armenia. It is located 225 km south of the capital Yerevan and 115 km northwest of the provincial centre Kapan. According to the 2022 census, the current population of Dastakert is 227.

thumb|Travemünde beach, showing its characteristic roofed wicker beach chairs (Strandkorb in German) thumb|Barque Passat (ship)|Passat in Travemünde Travemünde () is a borough of Lübeck, Germany, located at the mouth of the river Trave in Lübeck Bay. It began life as a fortress built by Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, in the 12th century to guard the mouth of the Trave, and the Danes subsequently strengthened it. It became a town in 1317 and in 1329 passed into the possession of the free city of Lübeck, to which it has since belonged. Its fortifications were demolished in 1807.

Kalundborg () is a Danish city with a population of 16,659 (1 January 2025), the main town of the municipality of the same name and the site of its municipal council. It is situated on the northwestern coast of the largest Danish island, Zealand (or Sjælland in Danish), on the opposite, eastern side of which lies the capital Copenhagen, away.

Carrickfergus ( , meaning "Fergus' rock") is a large town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. It sits on the north shore of Belfast Lough, from Belfast. The town had a population of 28,141 at the 2021 census. It is County Antrim's oldest town and one of the oldest towns in Ireland as a whole. Carrickfergus Castle, built in the late 12th century at the behest of Anglo-Norman knight John de Courcy, was the capital of the Earldom of Ulster. After the earldom's collapse, it remained the only English outpost in Ulster for the next four centuries. Carrickfergus was the administrative centre for Carr

Pniewy is a town in Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 7,747 inhabitants as of 2020. There is a lake and a beach with access to a playground, stage and a softball pitch.

market town in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England

Strzelno is a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The town is located south of Inowrocław. According to the June 2005 Census, the population numbered 5,145. It is located in the historic region of Kuyavia.

Barcin is a town in central Poland, in Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in Żnin County. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 7,255.

municipality of Portugal

Tábua (), officially the Town of Tábua (, is a town and municipality of the Coimbra District, in Portugal. In 2021 it had 11,160 inhabitants, in an area of . The town of Tábua is contained within a civil parish with 3,681 inhabitants as of 2021.