Presidency of Harry S. Truman

1947–1991 tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies

On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, respectively, during the final days of World War II. The aerial bombings killed 150,000 to 246,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the first and only uses of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict. In the final year of World War II, the Allies prepared for a costly invasion of the Japanese mainland. This undertaking was preceded by a conventional bombing and firebombing campaign that devastated 64 Japanese cities, including an operation on Tokyo. The war in Europe concluded when Germany surrendered on 8 May 1945, and the Allies turned their full attention to the Pacific War. By July 1945, the Allies' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bombs: "Little Boy", an enriched uranium gun-type fission weapon, and "Fat Man", a plutonium implosion-type nuclear weapon. The 509th Composite Group of the U.S. Army Air Forces was trained and equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, and deployed to Tinian in the Mariana Islands. The Allies called for the unconditional surrender of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the Potsdam Declaration on 26 July 1945, the alternative being "prompt and utter destruction". The Japanese government ignored the ultimatum. Japan announced its surrender to the Allies on 15 August, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan and invasion of Manchuria. The Japanese government signed an instrument of surrender on 2 September, ending the war.

American initiative for foreign aid to Western Europe following World War II

meeting of the Allied heads of state near the end of World War II

United States Cold War policy to contain communism in Europe and elsewhere

McCarthyism is a political practice defined by the political repression and persecution of left-wing individuals and a campaign spreading fear of communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage in the United States during the late 1940s through the 1950s, heavily associated with the Second Red Scare, also known as the McCarthy era. After the mid-1950s, U.S. senator Joseph McCarthy, who had spearheaded the campaign, gradually lost his public popularity and credibility after several of his accusations were found to be false. The U.S. Supreme Court under Chief Just

1945 Allied occupation of Japan following WWII

thumb|right|200px|United States Information Agency|United States Information Service propaganda poster distributed in Asia depicting [[Juan dela Cruz ready to defend the Philippines from the threat of communism]]

United Nations trust territory in the western Pacific administered by the United States from 1947 to 1994

41st quadrennial U.S. presidential election

Cold War territorial conflict between USSR & Turkey

purported organization that appears in UFO conspiracy theories

headquarters building of the United Nations

civil decoration awarded 1945–1961, superceded by Presidential Medal of Freedom

Treaty that declared the Philippines an independent sovereign state

33rd presidential administration and cabinet of the USA (1945-1953)

erroneous newspaper headline about the 1948 U.S. presidential election

human settlement in Israel

set of proposals put forward by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to Congress in his January 1949 State of the Union address

Post World War II US technical assistance program to developing nations

first phase of the Cold War

President Harry S. Truman's dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur during the Korean War for publicly disputing Truman's policies

7th United States intra-term presidential inauguration

US Cold War incident involving funding and policy dispute about the US Navy

41st United States presidential inauguration

assassination attempt on U.S. President Truman on 1 November 1950

1950 conference between US President Harry S. Truman and General Douglas MacArthur to confer about the progress of the Korean War

loan made to the United Kingdom by the United States following World War II

American immigration law