Retail companies of the Soviet Union

thumb|right|350px|An advertisement for a Torgsin in Saint Petersburg|Leningrad, 1933. Torgsin (Russian: ) were state-run hard-currency shops that operated in the USSR between 1931 and 1936. Their name was an acronym of the phrase torgovlia s inostrantsami (Russian: ), "trade with foreigners." Unlike the later Beryozka stores, Torgsin stores were open to all Soviet citizens, provided they paid with hard currency, gold, or jewels. Initially, Torgsin stores were only accessible by foreigners, hence the name. Torgsin was established by the Sovnarkom chairman Vyacheslav Molotov's order of 5 July 19

company

children goods retailer in Russia and Kazakhstan

People outside the opening of the first HO Department Store in Berlin in November 1948|thumb The Handelsorganisation (“Trading Organisation”, or HO) was a national retail business owned by the central administration of the Soviet Zone of occupation in Germany and from 1949 on by the state of the German Democratic Republic. It was created in 1948. The enterprise was arranged into different departments – industrial goods, food, restaurants and department stores – and operated the large “Centrum” department stores in many cities of the GDR. Its stores stood in competition to those of the Konsum c

Children store building in Moscow

cooperative retail chain founded in 1945 by the Soviet Military Administration in occupied East Germany