Richard I of England

King of England from 1189 to 1199 (1157–1199)

attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin

Medieval English queen consort

1191 Christian Crusader victory against Saladin

1189–1191 siege

daughter of King Louis VII of France and his second wife Constance of Castile

castle

1192 battle of the Third Crusade

Treaty between Richard I of England and Saladin

rock castle

1173–1174 dynastic conflict in the Angevin Empire

12th-century illegitimate son of King Richard I of England. Peerage person ID=104867

Sea law written in the late 12th century

Ascalon or Ashkelon was an ancient Near East port city on the Mediterranean coast of the southern Levant of high historical and archaeological significance. Its remains are located in the archaeological site of Tel Ashkelon, within the city limits of the modern Israeli city of Ashkelon. Traces of settlement exist from the 3rd millennium BCE, with evidence of city fortifications emerging in the Middle Bronze Age. During the Late Bronze Age, it was integrated into the Egyptian Empire, before becoming one of the five cities of the Philistine pentapolis following the migration of the Sea Peoples.

1198 battle in France

1188 crusade tax in England and France

1191 massacre of the Third Crusade

medieval battle, part of the ongoing fighting between Richard the Lionheart and Philip II of France

ruined castle in Charente-Maritime, France