Scholars of medieval Islamic history

Russian anthropologist, economic historian, comparative political scientist, and sociologist

Danish Orientalist and historian (1945–2015)

Dutch orientalist (1820-1883)

Scottish Orientalist and colonial administrator (1819–1905)

Italian politician and scholar (1869-1935)

French historian and orientalist (1826–1908)

German Islamic scholar (1902–1969)

Belgian orientalist historian and Jesuit (1862–1937)

British historian

American historian and scholar of Islam (born 1945)

British historian and Islamicist (born 1944)

French Islamic studies scholar

Israeli historian of Islam (born 1937)

Egyptian-born Armenian historian (1928–1988)

Israeli archaeologist (1932–1992)

British Middle East scholar and historiographer of early Islamic history (1941-1988)

French arabist and historian (1929–2022)

American historian

Hungarian linguist, Islamicist (1920–1969)

Russian mathematician

American historian

Israeli university teacher

Israeli historian (1914-1998)

British medieval historian (born 1966)

American scholar of Islam (1888–1972)

American Islamic scholar (1952–2019)