States and territories disestablished in the 1190s

Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim empire (1037–1194)

historical country

duchy

Deheubarth (; , thus 'the South') was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (). It is now used as a shorthand for the various realms united under the House of Dinefwr, but that Deheubarth itself was not considered a proper kingdom on the model of Gwynedd, Powys, or Dyfed is shown by its rendering in Latin as or as ("the Southern Britons") and not as a named land. In the oldest British writers, was used for all of modern Wales to distinguish it from (), the northern lands whence Cunedda originated.

Italian mark

The Shaddadids were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin. who ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951 to 1199 AD. They were established in Dvin. Through their long tenure in Armenia, they often intermarried with the Bagratuni royal family of Armenia.

western Kievan Rus' principality founded by the Rurik dynasty in 987 centered in the region of Volhynia in modern-day Ukraine

Byzantine administrative unit (theme)

name given to several dynasties in north-western medieval Ireland