States and territories established in the 5th century BC

Greco-Scythian state near Sea of Azov (c.438 BC–c.527 AD)

Paphlagonia (; , modern translit. Paflagonía; ) was an ancient region on the Black Sea coast of north-central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia to the west and Pontus to the east, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus. According to Strabo, the region was bounded by the river Parthenius to the west and the Halys River to the east. Paphlagonia was said to be named after Paphlagon, a son of the mythical Phineus.

union of Thracian tribes and kingdoms (5th century BC to 1st century AD)

ancient Egyptian dynasty

central Chinese state from 403-230 BCE

ancient Chinese state during the Warring States period

Leading Chinese states during Warring States period (475-221 BC)

former country

federal state that existed on the Chalcidice peninsula

Satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire (525-321 BC)

Chinese state (440-256 BCE)