Amr ibn Hisham
Also known as Abu Jahl, Abu-Jahl
Arab polytheist leader of the Quraysh tribe (c. 570–624)
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Article
Amr ibn Hisham (Arabic: عَمْرو بن هِشَام, romanized: ʿAmr ibn Hishām), better known as Abu Jahl (Arabic: أبو جهل, lit. 'Father of Ignorance'; c. 570 – 13 March 624) known before Islam as Abu al-Hakam (Arabic: أبو الحكم, lit. 'Father of wisdom'), was the Meccan Qurayshite polytheist leader known for his opposition to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was the most prominent flag-bearer of opposition towards Islam.
A prominent head of the Makhzum clan, Amr was known as Abu al-Hakam ('Father of Wisdom') among pre-Islamic Arabs. After Muhammad began preaching monotheism, Amr opposed him and often physically attacked early Muslims. He persecuted many Muslim converts, including Sumayya, and Yasir ibn Amir. His cruel torture methods towards Muslims made Muhammad give him the title Abu Jahl ('Father of Ignorance') and Firawn al-Umma ('Pharaoh of the Nation').