Jallianwala Bagh massacre
Also known as Amritsar Massacre, masakr v Amritsaru (1919 : Indie)
British Indian Army troops fire their rifles into crowd of unarmed Indian civilians (1919)
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On April 13, 1919, British Indian Army soldiers opened fire on thousands of unarmed Indian civilians gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden in Amritsar, killing hundreds of people. The massacre became a turning point in Indian independence, fueling widespread outrage against British colonial rule and strengthening the movement for India's freedom.
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The Jallianwala Bagh massacre ( IPA: [dʒəlɪjãːʋaːlaː baːɣ, baːɡ]), also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during the annual Baisakhi fair to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-Indian independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. In response to the public gathering, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer surrounded the people with Gurkhas of Nepalese origin and Sikh infantrymen of the British Indian Army.
The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, Dyer ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee. The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was low and they were ordered to stop. Estimates of those killed vary from 379 to 1,500 or more people; over 1,200 others were injured, of whom 192 sustained serious injury. Britain has never formally apologised for the massacre, but expressed deep "regret" in 2019.