1889 births

Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Germany during the Nazi era from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 under his leadership marked the outbreak of the Second World War. Throughout the ensuing conflict, Hitler was closely involved in the direction of German military operations and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust, the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims.

Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin Jr. was an English comic actor, filmmaker, film editor and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered one of the film industry's most important figures. His career spanned more than 75 years, from his childhood in the Victorian era until a year before his death in 1977, and encompassed both accolade and controversy.

Jawaharlal Nehru was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat, and statesman who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a principal leader of the Indian nationalist movement in the 1930s and 1940s. Upon India's independence in 1947, he served as the country's first prime minister for 16 years. Nehru promoted parliamentary democracy, secularism, and science and technology during the 1950s, powerfully influencing India's arc as a modern nation. In international affairs, he steered India clear of the two blocs of the Cold War. A well-regarded author, he wrote books such as Letters from a Father to His Daughter (1929), An Autobiography (1936) and The Discovery of India (1946), that have been read around the world.

Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)

German philosopher (1889–1976)

Russian poet (1889–1966)

Chilean poet, diplomat and educator (1889–1957)

French writer and filmmaker (1889–1963)

American astronomer (1889–1953)

British historian (1889–1975)

German journalist, author, pacifist and recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize (1889–1938)

American aviation pioneer from Russian Empire (1889–1972)

Swiss chemist (1889-1971)

English electrophysiologist (1889-1977)

French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist (1889-1973)

Danish film director (1889–1968)

Croatian fascist general and military dictator (1889–1959)

British athlete, politician, Cabinet minister, life peer and Nobel Peace Prize winner (1889–1982)

King of Libya from 1951 to 1969

King of Portugal (1889–1932)

American journalist and political commentator (1889–1974)

Soviet sculptor (1889-1953)

American film director, cinematographer, and producer (1889–1949)

Russian sociologist (1889-1968)

American actor (1889–1951)

President of Finland (1889–1956)

Soviet marshal (1889–1938)

Polish writer (1889–1965)

French film director and producer, writer and actor (1889-1981)

British actor (1889–1967)

Russian chess player (1889–1952)

3rd President of Israel (1963–1973)

American writer and lawyer (1889–1970)

Czechoslovakian chess player (1889–1929)

Queen consort of Sweden (1950-1965)

French poet (1889-1960)

American novelist and poet (1889–1973)

British historian and philosopher (1889–1943)

French army general, Marshal of France (1889-1952)

American actor, singer, dancer (1889–1966)

Finnish long-distance runner

German artist (1889–1978)

father of Holocaust diarist Anne Frank (1889–1980)

54th President of Mexico

British politician, lawyer and diplomat (1889–1952)

Austrian-American psychiatrist

co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1889–1927)

French physicist (1889-1969)

Belgian cyclist; three-time champion of the Tour de France (1889–1971)

Russian artist (1889-1924)

Swedish-American physicist and electrical engineer (1889–1976)

American painter (1889–1975)

Dutch painter and art forger (1889-1947)

German writer, journalist, sociologist, cultural critic, and film theorist (1889-1966)

American chemist and engineer (1889–1944)

Uzbek screenwriter and poet (1889-1929)

(1889-1977) World Chief Guide

American writer and actor (1889-1945)

seismologist (1889-1960)

British-born American film director