4th-century BC Greek historians

Xenophon of Athens (; ; 355/354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian. At the age of 30, he was elected as one of the leaders of the retreating Greek mercenaries, the Ten Thousand, who had been part of Cyrus the Younger's attempt to seize control of the Achaemenid Empire. As the military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge wrote, "the centuries since have devised nothing to surpass the genius of this warrior".

Megasthenes ( ; , died 290 BCE) was an ancient Greek historian, indologist, diplomat, ethnographer and explorer in the Hellenistic period. He described India in his book Indica, which is now lost, but has been partially reconstructed from literary fragments found in later authors that quoted his work. Megasthenes was the first person from the Western world to leave a written description of India.

Ctesias ( ; ; ), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire.

Ephorus of Cyme (; , Ephoros ho Kymaios; 330 BC) was an ancient Greek historian known for his universal history, now lost.

Callisthenes of Olynthus (/kəˈlɪsθəˌniːz/; Greek: Καλλισθένης; 360 – 327 BCE) was a Greek historian in Macedon with connections to both Aristotle and Alexander the Great. He accompanied Alexander the Great during his Asiatic expedition and served as his historian and publicist. He later opposed Alexander’s adoption of Persian culture and was arrested after being implicated in a plot on the king's life; he died in prison. During his life, he authored several works on Greek history and a biography of Alexander the Great.

Theopompus (, Theópompos; 380 BC 315 BC) was an ancient Greek historian and rhetorician who was a student of Isocrates.

ancient Greek philosopher

Greek historian (c. 375 BC – 301 BC)

4th/3rd century BC Greek general and historian

Cleitarchus or Clitarchus () was one of the historians of Alexander the Great. Son of the historian Dinon of Colophon, he spent a considerable time at the court of Ptolemy Lagus. He was active in the mid to late 4th century BCE.

thumb|Alexander the Great receives a visit from [[Thalestris, queen of the Amazons, one of the legends recounted by Onesicritus.]]

4th-century BC Greek rhetorician and historian

Philistus (; 432 – 356 BC), son of Archomenidas, was a Greek historian from Sicily.

Greek philosopher and historian (c.360–c.290 BC)

Palaephatus (Ancient Greek: ) was the author of a rationalizing text on Greek mythology, the paradoxographical work On Incredible Things (; ), which survives in a (probably corrupt) Byzantine edition.

Dinon or Deinon (Greek or ) of Colophon (fl. c. 360 – 340 BC) was a Greek historian and chronicler, the author of a history of Persia, many fragments of which survive. The Suda mistakenly attributes this work to Dio Cassius. He was the father of the historian Cleitarchus.

historian and writer

Macedonian historian

ancient Greek rhetorician and historian

4th-century BC Athenian historian

ancient Greek historian

Greek historian in the 3rd century BC

Euphantus (; fl. c. 320 BCE) of Olynthus was a philosopher of the Megarian school as well as a historian and tragic poet. He was the disciple of Eubulides of Miletus, and the instructor of Antigonus II Gonatas king of Macedonia. He wrote many tragedies, which were well received at the games. He also wrote a very highly esteemed work, On Kingship (), addressed to Antigonus, and a history of his own times. He lived to a great age.

Cleidemus (; Kleidēmos) was a Greek author, perhaps of the fifth or fourth century BCE but definitely later than the battle of Plataea in 479 BCE, who produced a lost Atthis (Ἀτθίς), a local history of Athens dealing with the traditional origins of the city's law and institutions. Johannes Meursius suggested that "Cleidemus" is actually identical with the "Cleitodemus" stated by Pausanias to be the most ancient writer on Athenian history. Athenaeus and Plutarch make references to his works, all of which are lost.

ancient Greek historian

ancient Greek historian

4th/3rd-century BC Greek historian

ancient Greek historian