4th-century BC Iranian people

last king of the Achaemenid Empire (r. 336–330 BC)

Roxana (died BC, , ; Old Iranian: *Raṷxšnā- "shining, radiant, brilliant", ) sometimes known as Roxanne, Roxanna and Roxane, was a Bactrian or Sogdian princess who married Alexander the Great after he invaded Persia and defeated Darius, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire.

The 12th Achaemenid Emperor (338–336 BC)

Bessus or Bessos (; ), also known by his throne name Artaxerxes V ( ; ; died summer 329 BC), was a Persian satrap of the eastern Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, as well as the self-proclaimed King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 330 to 329 BC.

Atropates (; and Middle Persian ; ; – after 321 BC) was a Persian nobleman who served Darius III, then Alexander the Great, and eventually founded an independent kingdom and dynasty that was named after him. Diodorus (18.4) refers to him as (), while Quintus Curtius (8.3.17) erroneously names him 'Arsaces'.

Daughter of Darius III, died 323 BC

thumb|The family of Darius in front of Alexander the Great|Alexander, by [[Charles le Brun. Sisygambis (in yellow) kneels before the king]]

Tissaphernes (; ; , ; 445395 BC) was a Persian commander and statesman, Satrap of Lydia and Ionia. His life is mostly known from the works of Thucydides and Xenophon. According to Ctesias, he was the son of Hidarnes III and therefore, the great grandson of Hydarnes, one of the six conspirators who had supported the rise of Darius the Great.

4th-century BC king of Cappadocia

Barsine (; c. 363–309 BC) was the daughter of a Persian father, Artabazus, satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, and a Greek Rhodian mother, the sister of mercenaries Mentor of Rhodes and Memnon of Rhodes. Barsine became the wife of her uncle Mentor, and after his death married her second uncle, Memnon.

Spitamenes (Old Persian Spitamana; Greek Σπιταμένης; 370 BC – 328 BC) was a Sogdian warlord and the leader of the uprising in Sogdiana and Bactria against Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, in 329 BC. He has been credited by modern historians as one of the most tenacious adversaries of Alexander.

Apama (), sometimes known as Apama I or Apame I, was a Sogdian noblewoman and the wife of the first ruler of the Seleucid Empire, Seleucus I Nicator. They married at Susa in 324 BC. According to Arrian, Apama was the daughter of the Sogdian baron Spitamenes. Strabo, on the other hand, makes her a daughter of Artabazus. Apame was the only of the Susa wives to become queen as, unlike the other generals, Seleucus kept her after Alexander's death.

Artakama or Artacama (; fl. 324 BC) was a Persian noblewoman and the second wife of Ptolemy I Soter, a Macedonian general under Alexander the Great and the first Pharaoh of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.

sister-wife of Darius III of Persia

3rd-century BC king of Cappadocia

thumb|Oxyartes, by René Castaigne, 19th century. thumb|Oxyartes was satrap of the Paropamisus after the death of Alexander. Oxyartes (Old Persian: 𐎢𐎺𐎧𐏁𐎫𐎼, Greek: Ὀξυάρτης, in ("Vaxš-ard"), from an unattested form in an Old Iranian language: *Huxšaθra-) was a Sogdian or Bactrian nobleman and local ruler of Bactria. His daughter, Roxana, was taken as a wife by Alexander the Great.

4th-century BC Persian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia

Bagoas (; , ; died 336 BCE) was a prominent Persian official who served as the vizier (Chief Minister) of the Achaemenid Empire until his death.

4th-century BC Persian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia

thumb|300px|The marriages of Stateira II to Alexander III of [[Macedon and her sister, Drypetis, to Hephaestion at Susa in 324 BC, as depicted in a late-19th-century engraving]]

Persian satrap

4th-century BCE Persian satrap of Hellespont Phrygia

wife of Alexander the Great

Bactrian military officer of the Achaemenid Empire and satrap of Armenia at the end of the 5th-century BC and first half of the 4th-century BC.

Tiribazus, Tiribazos or Teribazus (Old Iranian: Tīrībāzu; ) ( 440 BC–370 BC) was an Achaemenid satrap of Armenia and later satrap of Lydia in western Anatolia.

Armenian king

Tithraustes (Old Persian: ; Ancient Greek: ) was the Persian satrap of Sardis for several years in the early 4th century BC. Due to scanty historical records, little is known of the man or his activities. He was sent out from Susa to replace Tissaphernes in 395 BC, and, after arresting his predecessor, executed him.

Persian princess (died c. 284 BC)

Mazaeus or Mazday (Aramaic: 𐡌𐡆𐡃𐡉 MZDY, Greek: Μαζαῖος Mazaios) (died 328 BC) was an Achaemenid Persian noble, satrap (a type of governor) of Cilicia and later satrap of Babylon for the Achaemenid Empire. He retained the satrapy after Babylon was under the rule of Alexander the Great.

Datames (Old Persian: Dātama or Dātāma, Aramaic: Tadanmu, ; 407 BC – 362 BC), also known as Tarkamuwa, was an Iranian military leader, who served as the governor (satrap) of the Achaemenid satrapy of Cappadocia (or Cilicia; the evidence is contradictory) from the 380s BC to 362 BC. A Carian by birth, he was the son of Camissares by a Paphlagonian mother. His father being satrap of Cilicia under Artaxerxes II, and high in the favour of that monarch, Datames became one of the king's bodyguards; and having in this capacity distinguished himself in the war against the Cadusii, was appointed to suc

Mithrenes () was a Persian commander of the force that garrisoned the citadel of Sardis. According to Cyril Toumanoff, he was also a member of the Orontid dynasty, of Iranian origin. Waldemar Heckel, on the other hand, considers Mithrenes to be a Persian noble of unknown family background. After the battle of the Granicus Mithrenes surrendered voluntarily to Alexander the Great, and was treated by him with great distinction. Mithrenes was present in the Macedonian camp after the Battle of Issus, and Alexander ordered him to visit the captured family of Darius III and assure them that Darius wa

Spithridates (; ; fl. 365–334 BC) was a Persian satrap of Lydia and Ionia under the high king Darius III Codomannus. He was one of the Persian commanders at the Battle of the Granicus, in 334 BC. In this engagement, while he was aiming a blow from behind at Alexander the Great, his arm was cut off by Cleitus the Black and he subsequently died.

thumb|upright=1.2|Location of Hellespontine Phrygia, and the provincial capital of [[Dascylium, in the Achaemenid Empire, c. 500 BC.]] upright=1.2|thumb|Achaemenid Dynast of Hellespontine Phrygia attacking a Greek [[psiloi, Altıkulaç Sarcophagus, early 4th century BCE.]] Arsites (; ; ) was Persian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia in the Achaemenid Empire in the 4th century BC. His satrapy also included the region of Paphlagonia.

4th-century BC Persian noble and governor

ruler of Cius in Mysia from 337 to 302 BCE

thumb|upright=1.38|Struthas was satrap of Lydia, including [[Ionia.]] Struthas was a Persian satrap for a brief period during the Corinthian War. In 392 BC, he was dispatched by Artaxerxes II to take command of the satrapy of Sardis, replacing Tiribazus, and to pursue an anti-Spartan policy. Accordingly, Struthas raided territory held by the Spartans and their allies, prompting the Spartans to order their commander in the region, Thibron, to begin aggressive activity against Struthas. Thibron raided successfully for a time, but Struthas eventually succeeded in ambushing one of his raiding expe

Satibarzanes (Old Persian: ; Ancient Greek: ; died 330 BC), a Persian, was satrap of Aria under Darius III, king of Persia.

Orontobates (Old Persian: wiktionary:Reconstruction:Old Persian/Arvantapātah|, Ancient Greek: ; lived 4th century BC) was a Persian, who married the daughter of Pixodarus, the usurping satrap of Caria, and was sent by the king of Persia to succeed him.

Phrataphernes (Median: Fratafarnah, ; lived 4th century BC) was a Persian who held the government of Parthia and Hyrcania, under the king Darius III Codomannus, and joined that monarch with the contingents from the provinces subject to his rule, shortly before the battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC. He afterwards accompanied the king on his flight into Hyrcania.

thumb|upright=1.35|Possible coinage of Abrocomas, Sinop, Turkey|Sinope, [[Paphlagonia.]] Abrocomas () was satrap of Syria for the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II Mnemon. He may also have been satrap of Paphlagonia, with its capital at Sinope, according to the reading of some of the coinage of Sinope: the Aramaic reading "ˈbrkmw" has been identified as the name rendered in Greek as "Abrocomas", but this is not universally accepted.

Persian prince, brother of Darius III

Son of Ariobarzanes, prince of Cius

Persian general (died 334 BC)

thumb|upright=1.2|Coin of Sabaces, in imitation of Athenian coinage. Obverse: Head of Athena. Reverse: Athenian owl. To right: Sabaces symbol and [[Aramaic inscription 𐡎𐡅𐡉𐡊 SWYK. Circa 340-333 BC. Achaemenid Egypt.]] thumb|upright=1.2|Coin of Sabaces. Persian Egypt. Circa 335-333 BC

Mazaces, also Mazakes (Old Iranian: Mazdāka, Aramaic: 𐡌𐡆𐡃𐡊 MZDK), was the last Achaemenid satrap of ancient Egypt during the late reign of Darius III of the 31st Dynasty of Egypt.

Arimazes () or Ariomazes (), was a chief who had possession, in 328 BCE, of a very strong fortress in Sogdiana, usually called the Rock of Ariamazes, which the historian Johann Gustav Droysen identifies with a place called Kohiten, situated near the pass of Kolugha or Derbend.

Nabarzanes (died ) was a high-ranking Persian commander, who served as the chiliarch of the royal cavalry of the Achaemenid King of Kings Darius III ().

Camisares (died 385 BC) was an Iranian, father of Datames, who was high in favour with the Persian Great King Artaxerxes II (404–358 BC), by whom he was made satrap of a part of Cilicia bordering on Cappadocia. He fell in Artaxerxes' war against the Cadusii in 385 BC, and was succeeded in his satrapy by Datames, his son by a Paphlagonian mother.

thumb|upright=1.38|Autophradates was satrap of Lydia, including [[Ionia.]] Autophradates (; , lived 4th century BC) was a Persian Satrap of Lydia, who also distinguished himself as a general in the reign of Artaxerxes III and Darius III.

Barsaentes () was a Persian nobleman, who served as the satrap of Arachosia and Drangiana under the Achaemenid King of Kings Darius III ().

Achaemenid Persian satrap of Cilicia in 334/3 BC

achaemenid satrap of Egypt

Orxines was a Persian noble, descended from Cyrus the Great.

Youtab meaning "unique" in Old Persian (4th century BC – 330 BC) was an ancient Persian noblewoman.

thumb|upright=1.5|Phrasaortes was named satrap of Persis by Alexander Phrasaortes was a Persian satrap of Persis under Alexander the Great 330 BCE. He was a son of Rheomithres. Phrasaortes replaced the Achaemenid satrap Ariobarzanes, who had confronted Alexander at the Battle of the Persian Gate, where he was killed.

4th-century BC Persian noble (died 334 BC)

Persian satrap

Ariaeus (fl. 401 BC – 394 BC) was a Persian general who fought alongside Cyrus the Younger at the Battle of Cunaxa and later was involved in the assassination of Tissaphernes.

Rhosaces (; ) was the brother of Spithridates, a satrap of Ionia and Lydia, with whom he might have held the possession of satrap. Rhosaces served in the earlier campaigns of Artaxerxes III in Phoenicia and in Egypt where he was singled out for his 'valour and loyalty' to serve alongside allied Theban troops. He took part in the Battle of the Granicus in 334 BC where he was killed. According to Diodorus of Sicily, after his brother Spithridates was killed by Alexander the Great the fight between Alexander and Rhosaces happened like this:

son of Artaxerxes II