7th-century establishments in the Umayyad Caliphate

Islamic building in Al-Aqsa, Jerusalem

Kairouan (, ), also spelled El Qayrawān or Kairwan ( , ), is the capital of the Kairouan Governorate in Tunisia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city was founded by the Umayyads around 670, in the period of Caliph Mu'awiya (reigned 661–680); this is when it became an important centre for Sunni Islamic scholarship and Quranic learning, attracting Muslims from various parts of the world. The Mosque of Uqba is situated in the city.

Helwan ( '', , ) is a suburban district in the Southern Area of Cairo, Egypt. The area of Helwan witnessed prehistoric, ancient Egyptian, Roman and Muslim era activity. More recently it was designated as a city until as late as the 1960s, before it became contiguous with the city of Cairo and was incorporated as a district. For a brief period between April 2008 and April 2011 it was redesignated as a city, and served as the capital of the now defunct Helwan Governorate that was split from Cairo and Giza governorates, before being re-incorporated back into them. The kism'' of Helwan had a popul

Tunisian religious building and site of Islamic worship

type of coin

Freestanding dome located adjacently east of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

Islamic Shrine in Damascus, Syria

Old city of Tunis, Tunisia

The barīd (, often translated as "the postal service") was the state-run courier service of the Umayyad and later Abbasid Caliphates. A major institution in the early Islamic states, the barid was not only responsible for the overland delivery of official correspondence throughout the empire, but it additionally functioned as a domestic intelligence agency, which informed the caliphs on events in the provinces and the activities of government officials. A new barīd was established during the Mamluk period.

sub-province of Syria under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates

city in Helwan, Egypt

personal bodyguards of the Caliphs