History of evolutionary biology

British political economist (1766–1834)

thumb|Charles Darwin in 1868

German-American evolutionary biologist (1904-2005)

thumb|upright=1.8|Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lamarck argued, as part of his theory of [[heredity, that a blacksmith's sons inherit the strong muscles the blacksmith acquires from his work.]] Lamarckism, also known as Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism, is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime. It is also called the inheritance of acquired characteristics or more recently soft inheritance. The idea is named after the French zoologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), who inc

biological hypothesis

early-20th-century scientific theory combining Darwinian evolution and Mendelian inheritance

group of related bird species in the Galápagos Islands

Russian and Soviet geographer, biologist and ichthyologist (1876–1950)

aspect of history of science

thumb|Evolutionary progress as a tree of life (biology)|tree of life. [[Ernst Haeckel, 1866]] thumb|upright=1.4|Lamarck's two-factor theory involves 1) a complexifying force that drives animal body plans towards higher levels (orthogenesis) creating a ladder of phyla, and 2) an adaptive force that causes animals with a given body plan to adapt to circumstances (use and disuse, [[inheritance of acquired characteristics), creating a diversity of species and genera. Popular views of Lamarckism only consider an aspect of the adaptive force.]] Orthogenesis is an obsolete biological hypothesis that

exploration associated with the theory of evolution (1831-1836)

book by Alfred Russel Wallace

essay by Theodosius Dobzhansky

list of alternatives to Darwinian Natural Selection

hypothetical fossil that would falsify evolution

changes in thinking about evolution from religious and spiritual to more mechanistic and biological over the 17th and 18th centuries

substance

19th-century scientific controversy

early evidence for Darwinism from animal coloration

publication

equid hybrid notable in the history of evolutionary theory

book by the British naturalist Henry Walter Bates