History of Kuban

Sochi (, from  – seaside) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River, along the Black Sea in the North Caucasus of Southern Russia, with a population of 466,078 residents, and up to 600,000 residents in the urban area. The city covers an area of , while the Greater Sochi Area covers over . Sochi stretches across , and is the longest city in Europe (territorially), the fifth-largest city in the Southern Federal District, the second-largest city in Krasnodar Krai, and the sixth-largest city on the Black Sea.

The Khazars () were a semi-nomadic Turkic people who established a major commercial empire in the late 6th century CE spanning the south of modern European Russia, southern Ukraine, and western Kazakhstan. It was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Khaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between Eastern Europe and Southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading empires of the early medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East, and Kievan

The Circassians, also known as the Cherkess or the Adyghe (Adyghe and , ), are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group native to Circassia, a region and former country in the North Caucasus. As a consequence of the 19th-century Russo-Circassian War and the Circassian genocide, most Circassians were exiled from their homeland and scattered in what was then the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Turkey, Southeastern Europe and the Middle East). The two Circassian languages natively spoken by the Circassian people are western Adyghe and eastern Kabardian. The Ubykh language fell out of use and went extinct in

thumb|The percentage of the Circassian population in every district in Kabardino-Balkaria Republic thumb|Yinal speaking Adyghe and Kabardian. thumb|right|Kabardian dancers in traditional dress thumb|right|Kabardian men in traditional dress The Kabardians (Kabardian: Къэбэрдей адыгэхэр; Adyghe: Къэбэртай адыгэхэр; ) or Kabardinians are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. They are also commonly known by the plural terms Kabardin, Kebertei, or Kabarday. Along with the Besleney tribe, they speak a distinctive dialec

Temryuk () is a town and the administrative center of Temryuksky District in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Taman Peninsula on the right bank of the Kuban River not far from its entry into the Temryuk Bay, amid a field of mud volcanoes. The seaport of Temryuk is situated from the town itself. Population: 41,413 (2020), 26,600 (1975).

19th century genocide of Circassians by the Russian Empire

short-lived country in Eastern Europe (1918-1920)

thumb|263px|Adyghe (Circassian) knight

Soviet republic

Soviet republic in existence April–May 1918

governorate of the Russian Empire

oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire.

republic in Soviet Russia (March-May 1918)

The Abzakh (Circassian: Абдзах, Abdzakh; Russian: абадзехи) also known as Abdzakhs or Abadzekhs are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. Historically, they lived in the mountainous part of the modern Russian republics of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai. Major settlements or villages were located in the river valleys Kurdzhips, Psheha, Pshish, and Psekups.

The Bzhedugh (, ; ; ) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes.

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thumb|250px|A Natukhaj flag The Natukhaj are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. Their areas historically extended along the Black Sea coast from Anapa in the north to Tsemes Bay (now Novorossiysk) in the south and from the north side of the mountains to the lower Kuban River.

1918 invasion

historical region in Abkhazia, Georgia

Soviet bridgehead near the German-occupied Novorossiysk, February-September 1943

1944-1945 Soviet railway bridge

The Hatuqay or Hatuqway are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. They speak the Hatuqay dialect of the Adyghe language. Most of them live in Turkey; a result of the Circassian genocide in the 19th century, the majority of the Hatuqay were killed or deported to the Ottoman Empire, resulting in their virtual extinction in their historical homeland. Historically, they lived in the Hatuqay Principality of Circassia and were known for their martial character, engaging in incessant wars. Hatuqay was marked on period ma

ukrainian-Belarusian politician

The Mamkhegh or Mamheg ( or ; ) were one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag.

thumb|255x255px|Fortifications of the Khumarin settlement by Bidjiev H. H.Khumarinskoye gorodishche (Russian: Хумаринское городище) or Khumar is a ruined medieval fortress on the top of Mount Kalezh above the Kuban Gorge in the Greater Caucasus, near Khumara village, Karachaevsky district, Karachay–Cherkessia, Russia.

Zichia (; , ) was the predecessor of Circassia and a medieval kingdom on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, inhabited by Circassians.

Russian ataman (1866–1948)

okrug

1918 offensive of the Russian Civil War

okrug

historical principality and province of Circassia

otdel in Caucasus, Russian Empire

okrug

administrative subdivision of Kuban Oblast of Russian Empire and Kuban-Black Sea Oblast of RSFSR

The Makhosh () were one of the Circassian tribes. The tribe was mostly annihilated in the Circassian genocide following the Russo-Circassian War.