Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Ukrainian-born Israeli Hebrew writer, Nobel laureate in Literature (1888–1970)

American physicist (1898–1988)

French physicist (1924-2010)

Austrian-born American filmmaker and screenwriter (1906-2002)

German Jewish Existentialist philosopher and theologian (1878–1965)

Austrian-American economist (1881–1973)

Jewish Austrian Holocaust survivor and Nazi hunter (1908–2005)

Austrian novelist and journalist (1894–1939)

Polish-American mathematician

Polish writer (1909–1966)

American neuropsychiatrist

Nobel laureate organic and inorganic chemist and Holocaust child survivor (born 1937)

Polish novelist and painter (1892-1942)

American theatre director, actor and acting teacher (1901–1982)

Russian revolutionary (1885-1939)

Polish mathematician (1887–1972)

Polish-American businesswoman, art collector, and philanthropist

Austrian physicist and mathematician (1883-1953)

Russian politician and economist

Polish physicist (1898–1968)

Russian–Israeli businessman, billionaire, and oligarch

Austrian-born Pakistani writer and social activist (1900–1992)

Czech chess player, arbiter, theoretician, organiser and writer (1908–1983)

Ukrainian and Slovenian chess player

Austrian-German actress (1897–1986)

Jewish-American physician and psychiatrist (1894-1981)

Jewish poet, writer (1856–1909)

German poet (1907-1975)

Polish Marxist historian and Trotskyist communist (1907-1967)

Polish-French artist (1891-1953)

Polish-Jewish religious leader

American physicist (1911-2011)

Swiss mathematician (1801–1859)

Polish painter and student of Jan Matejko (1856-1879)

Israeli historian (1935-2020)

American psychoanalyst (1884–1982)

Chief rabbi of Rome, Italy, during World War II; later converted to Catholicism (1881-1956)

Polish physician (1896–1961)

Austrian musician (1902-1942)

Austrian music theorist (1868-1935)

Polish neurologist (1889–1942)

American pianist

Austrian-French novelist, essayist and psychologist (1905–1984)

Polish historian (1900-1944)

American psychiatrist & psychoanalyst (1874–1948)

German writer (1900–1996)

American economist and diplomat (1904-1987)

Polish illustration artist and painter (1874-1925)

German-Austrian actor

Polish musician (1892–1993)

Austrian writer (1848-1904)

Austrian educator and writer (1872-1940)

Soviet spy (1899-1941)

Polish spy (1904–1982)

American mathematician, known for work in mathematical analysis, probability theory and differential geometry (1899–1982)

Polish pianist

German journalist, writer, politician (SED), MdV (1902–1982)

Czech politician and doctor (1908-1979)

American novelist and short story writer (1906–1995)

Yiddish writer (1877–1942)