Scientific instrument makers

Hipparchus (; , ;  BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is considered the founder of trigonometry, but is most famous for his incidental discovery of the precession of the equinoxes. Hipparchus was born in Nicaea, Bithynia, and probably died on the island of Rhodes, Greece. He is known to have been a working astronomer between 162 and 127 BC.

Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician (1394–1449)

astronomer setting up the cartography of the Moon

Genevan scientist (1740-1799)

Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn Yaḥyā al-Naqqāsh al-Zarqālī al-Tujibi (); also known as Al-Zarkali or Ibn Zarqala (1029–1100), was an Arab maker of astronomical instruments and an astrologer from the western part of the Islamic world.

Al-ʻIjliyyah bint al-ʻIjliyy () was a 10th-century maker of astrolabes active in Aleppo, in what is now northern Syria.

Ukrainian physicist (1845–1918)

Portuguese mathematician (1502–1578)

Ottoman Syrian polymath (1526-1585)

10th-century Persian astronomer and mathematician

French mathematician

Austrian optician (1794–1868)

Chilean-American physicist

Swiss lens maker (1748-1824)